一、名词
- 可数名词复数
一般 + s:book→books
s/x/ch/sh 结尾 + es:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches
辅音 + y:变 y 为 i+es;元音 + y 直接 + s:city-cities,boy-boys
f/fe 变 v+es:knife-knives,leaf-leaves
不规则:man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth
- 不可数名词
:water, milk, rice, news, advice, information,不能直接加 s,用量词:a piece of news
名词所有格:'s(有生命);of(无生命),Tom’s book;the door of the room
人称代词:主格(作主语)I you he she it we they;宾格(作宾语)me you him her it us them
物主代词:形容词性 my/your/his/her(后面必须加名词);名词性 mine/yours/his/hers(不加名词)
This is my pen. = This pen is mine.
反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves
不定代词:some/any;many + 可数,much + 不可数;both 两者都;all 全部;either 两者其一;neither 两者都不;none 一个也没有
a 辅音开头:a pen;an 元音音素开头:an hour,an apple
the:特指;独一无二(the sun);乐器前:play the piano;江河海洋
零冠词:球类三餐:play basketball,have breakfast
时间介词:in + 年 / 月 / 季节;on + 具体日期 / 星期;at + 时刻 地点介词:in 大地点;at 小地点;on 在表面;over 正上方;above 上方;under 下方 固定搭配:be good at,look forward to,thanks for
五、形容词 & 副词
形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词
He is a careful boy. He writes carefully.
比较级、最高级规则
一般 + er / +est:tall-taller-tallest
e 结尾 + r/st:nice-nicer-nicest
重读闭音节双写:big-bigger-biggest,hot-hotter-hottest
辅音 + y 变 y 为 i:happy-happier-happiest
多音节 more/most:beautiful → more beautiful
不规则:good/well-better-best;bad-worse-worst;many/much-more-most;little-less-least
句型:A + be + 比较级 + than B;one of +the + 最高级 + 名词复数
- 一般现在时
:经常、习惯;客观真理。标志:often, usually, every day 结构:主语三单,动词 + s/es;否定 don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形
- 一般过去时
:过去发生,yesterday, last week。动词变过去式
- 一般将来时
:will+do /be going to do 将要
- 现在进行时
:am/is/are + doing;now, look, listen
- 现在完成时(八年级难点)
:have/has + done;already, yet, since + 时间点,for + 时间段
短暂性动词不能和 for/since 连用:have left→have been away七、情态动词
can 能;may 可以;must 必须(否定 mustn’t 禁止);have to 不得不;should 应该 must 提问否定回答:needn’t / don’t have to(不必,不是 mustn’t)
八、被动语态
结构:be + done(过去分词) 一般现在:am/is/are done;一般过去:was/were done;一般将来:will be done
只有及物动词才有被动;不及物动词无被动(happen, take place)九、非谓语动词(to do /doing/do)
to do(不定式):want to do,decide to do,tell sb to do
doing(动名词):enjoy doing,practice doing,finish doing,be good at doing
使役动词:make/let/have sb do(不带 to);hear/see sb do(全过程) /doing(正在进行)
三要素:引导词、语序(陈述语序)、时态引导词:that(陈述句);if/whether(一般问句是否);特殊疑问词 what/when/where 口诀:主现从任意;主过从必过;客观真理永一现。
十一、状语从句
时间状语:when/while/as,主将从现(主句将来,从句一般现在)
if 条件状语:if 如果,主将从现
because 原因;though 虽然(不能和 but 连用);so 所以(不能和 because 连用)
先行词是人:who /that;先行词是物:which /that
十三、主谓一致
不定代词作主语谓语用单数:everyone, somebody
there be 就近原则;not only...but also 就近
with/together with,谓语看前面主语
主谓:He runs.
主谓宾:I love English.
主系表:She is happy. 系动词:be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become
主谓双宾:give sb sth = give sth to sb
主谓宾补:keep the room clean
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