精密光谱学 、激光惯性约束聚变、AI 物理、量子成像 | 本周物理讲座

1

报告人：吕纯海，马克斯普朗克核物理研究所

时间：9月15日（周二）14:00

单位：中国科学院理论物理研究所

地点：南楼6420

摘要:

囚禁离子作为最纯净的量子体系之一，为基本物理定律的检验和下一代光钟的发展提供了前所未有的精度。在本次报告中，我将介绍我们近期围绕高电荷态离子开展的理论研究。这类体系对外部电磁扰动极为不敏感，在精密测量领域具有独特优势。我们的工作重点之一，是构建了一套专用于高电荷态离子的全新“周期表”。借助这一工具，我们能够在超过70种元素的开壳层离子的精细结构项中，系统性地发现了700余个高精度钟跃迁能级。计算表明，这些跃迁的频率不确定度远低于10⁻²⁰量级，使其成为高精度光钟的极有竞争力的候选体系。除时间基准应用外，对这些跃迁的精密光谱测量还具有多学科交叉价值：不仅可结合229Th核光钟探测精细结构常数的时空演化，还能用于探索电子-中子耦合的新型玻色子，并在实验室尺度下检验爱因斯坦相对论所预言的时间膨胀效应等。

报告人简介:

吕纯海，德国马克斯•普朗克核物理研究所博士后研究员。2010年在兰州大学物理科学与技术学院获得理学学士学位，2018年在德国海德堡大学获得理学博士学位。长期从事高电荷态离子(HCI)精密谱学相关的高精度原子结构计算理论研究。现已在HCI光钟、暗物质探测、精密质量测量、X射线自由电子激光等HCI与基础物理交叉研究领域取得多项成果。截至目前，已发表SCI学术论文15篇，其中以第一/主要贡献作者发表PRL6篇。

2

报告人：李玉同，中国科学院物理研究所

时间：9月15日（周二）15:30

单位：中国科学院理论物理研究所

地点：南楼6620

3

报告人：张驰，University of Bonn

时间：9月16日（周三）10:00

单位：中国科学院理论物理研究所

地点：南楼6620

摘要:

In this seminar, I will begin with a brief review of high-energy scattering in QCD, covering the origin of the Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov (BFKL) equation, the role of Pomeron exchange in cross sections, and the necessity of multi-Reggeon contributions. I will then turn to planar N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, reviewing the structure of two-Reggeon exchange and its description in terms of a quantum system evolving in rapidity. Finally, I will present our recent progress on three-Reggeon exchange, including its emergence in specific kinematic regions and its impact on eight-point amplitudes. I will conclude by discussing new constraints arising from three-Reggeon exchange and outlining some open questions.

4

报告人：Prof. Giacomo Baldi，University of Trento

时间：9月16日（周三）15:00

单位：中国科学院物理研究所

地点：D楼206会议室

摘要:

The vibrational dynamics of glasses and crystals are remarkably similar, even though their low temperature thermal properties differ significantly. Differences between the ordered and the disordered states of matter appear only in the low frequency part of the vibrational spectrum, typically at and below the terahertz range. Amorphous solids exhibit an enhanced density of vibrational states at the boson peak, the presence of Rayleigh scattering of sound waves and relaxation processes that remain active well below the glass transition temperature and give sizeable contributions to sound attenuation and to light, x-rays and neutron scattering cross sections in the quasi-elastic regime.

In this seminar I will present recent experimental advancements on the investigation of the vibrational properties of glasses in the sub-terahertz frequency range. In a first part of the seminar, I will present results on thermal transport and on the sound propagation and damping in vitreous silica probed by means of transient grating spectroscopy with extreme UV radiation. This non-linear optical method allowed us to probe the thermoelastic properties of thin silica membranes in the frequency range between 70 and 370 GHz, confirming the relevance of Rayleigh scattering of sound and the significant contribution of structural relaxation and an-harmonicity.

In a second part of the seminar, I will present results obtained by means of an innovative spectrograph for nuclear resonance analysis of inelastic x-ray scattering, that allowed us to probe the density of vibrational states with the exceptional energy resolution of 0.1 meV. With the help of this instrument, we have investigated the vibrations of vitreous silica in a frequency range where anharmonic and relaxational processes give sizeable contributions to the scattering cross-section and the low frequency vibrations of an ultra-stable glass of TPD. I will discuss the relevance of quasi-localized vibrational modes in these two samples and the effect of glass stability on the low frequency vibrations.

报告人简介:

Giacomo Baldi is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Trento, Italy. Since 2020 he is the responsible of the “Structure and Dynamics of Complex Systems” group of the Physics Department. His research activity is focused on the physics of disordered materials and of soft matter (liquids, supercooled liquids, glasses, amorphous solids, colloids, and polymers), explored with various spectroscopic methods, ranging from X-ray based techniques to laser spectroscopies.

5

报告人：汪立宏，美国加州理工学院

时间：9月17日（周四）14:30

单位：清华大学物理系

地点：物理楼W105

摘要:

纠缠光子具有非经典相关性，可用于成像。与传统光学成像相比，基于纠缠光子重合检测的量子成像显示出超出经典衍射极限的超分辨率。我们将介绍实验成像结果和基本理论。与传统的光学成像相比，基于纠缠光子符合探测的量子成像实现了超越经典衍射极限的超分辨能力。我们将展示实验成像结果以及解释这些优势的理论框架。由于光子源自原子和分子，我们的研究还探讨了经典与量子交界处的原子物理问题。我们证明，通常被视为经典运动方程的玻尔兹曼方程，可以被重新表述为量子冯·诺依曼方程和薛定谔方程。这种对应关系揭示了标准量子自旋方程的经典起源，并阐明了两种描述之间的联系。我们展示了三项出人意料的实验观测结果。首先，我们对海森堡和爱因斯坦设想、弗里歇和塞格雷实施的多级斯特恩-格拉赫实验进行了建模，其精度优于现有方法。最近，我们还在极低磁场梯度条件下对原子束分裂进行了量子测量。传统的斯特恩-格拉赫实验依赖于强磁场梯度来空间分辨分裂的原子束。相比之下，我们采用光学光谱技术来分辨原本在空间上重叠、看似无法分离的原子分布，从而实现了低场量子测量。尽管传统理论模型在高磁场条件下与实验结果一致，但当磁场梯度趋近于零时，它们表现出明显的偏差。而我们的理论在整个磁场范围内均与实验观测保持一致。本工作的关键成果之一是估算出电子自旋坍缩时间，并以无量纲的拉莫尔进动周期为单位表示。最后，在标准斯特恩-格拉赫装置前插入一个零磁场梯度（即零梯度）的阶段，也产生了令人意外的效果。

报告人简介:

汪立宏是美国国家工程院院士，加州理工学院教授，发表630余篇论文（h-index: 162，被引: 112,000，根据斯坦福大学/Elsevier的统计，在光学领域被引次数排名第一）。发明世界首台功能光声CT、三维光声显微镜和光速压缩超快摄影（世界上速度最快的相机）。《Journal of Biomedical Optics》主编。获Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing奖、NIH Outstanding Investigator奖、NIH Director’s Transformative Research奖、NIH Director’s Pioneer奖、Optica Mees Medal and Feld Award、IEEE技术成就奖、IEEE生物医学工程奖、SPIE Britton Chance生物光子学奖、IPPA资深奖。

6

报告人：Daniel Harsono，National Tsing Hua University

时间：9月17日（周四）15:30

单位：北京大学物理学院

地点：KIAA-auditorium

摘要:

Chemical inventories of planet formation are established in stellar nurseries, where ices accumulate on dust grains before stars and disks emerge. ALMA observations of protostars suggest that a substantial fraction of this interstellar ice inventory is inherited by planet-forming disks. Yet, meteoritic records reveal that some solids undergo significant thermal processing, reshaping the material available for planet formation. Understanding the balance between inheritance and processing therefore requires a joint view of the gas and ice reservoirs. In this talk, I will present recent JWST results from molecular clouds, protostars, and planet-forming disks that trace the evolving chemical inventory and element partitioning during the earliest stages of planet formation. I will then touch upon ongoing efforts to connect these findings with an ALMA large program investigating the formation and evolution of complex organic molecules.

报告人简介:

Dr. Daniel Harsono works on the early stages of star and planet formation. He earned his Ph.D. from Leiden University in the Netherlands in 2014, where he studied disk formation around low-mass stars. He was an EACOA fellow between 2019 and 2021. In recent years, he has focused on analyzing JWST observations of atomic and molecular lines toward protostars and protostellar disks.

7

报告人：龚新高，中国科学院院士

时间：9月17日（周四）16:00

单位：清华大学物理系

地点：物理楼天行报告厅

摘要:

四百年前，伽利略将望远镜指向星空，现代物理由此发端。今天，人工智能正在成为物理学的“新望远镜”——它不仅加速计算，更从根本上改变了我们认识物质世界的方式。本报告将从AI驱动计算物质科学的变革出发，介绍以机器学习势突破第一性原理的时空极限；让AI掌握物理规律的数学载体；以通用势模型与通用哈密顿量实现全材料空间的高通量探索；以AI合成路线规划打通从理论预测到实验制备的完整链路。AI正在制造全新的“可见性”：让隐匿于数据中的物理规律浮现，让割裂的学科知识汇聚为统一的认知框架。望远镜让人类看见了宇宙的广袤，AI将让人类看见物质世界的纵深。

报告人简介：

龚新高，中国科学院院士，复旦大学教授，复旦大学学术委员会主任。1993年起在中国科学院固体物理所任研究员，2000年调入复旦大学物理系任教授，2005年起任复旦大学特聘教授。2009年起任物质计算科学教育部重点实验室主任，2002年起担任复旦大学计算物质科学研究所所长。研究领域是计算凝聚态物理的理论方法的发展及其应用，近年的主要研究兴趣是AIPhysics。

8

报告人：李浩伟，清华大学博士后

时间：9月18日（周五）10:00

单位：中国科学院物理研究所

腾讯会议：860-294-881

会议密码：0918

摘要:

The Dicke model is a paradigmatic platform for collective light–matter interactions, superradiant phase transitions, and nonequilibrium quantum criticality. At mesoscopic scales, however, all-to-all interactions produce substantial finite-size corrections, while photon loss drives a crossover between coherent and dissipative universality classes, making critical exponents difficult to extract reliably.

In this talk, I will present a unified mesoscopic scaling framework for closed and open Dicke models. Using a large-N analysis, we identify the two critical fixed points and consistently incorporate finite-size corrections into static, spectral, and ramping dynamics. This enables the independent extraction of static, dynamical, and ramp exponents, followed by a verification of the Kibble–Zurek scaling relation for both coherent and dissipative universality classes. I will also discuss how system size, photon loss, and ramp speed jointly control the coherent–dissipative crossover.

报告人简介:

李浩伟博士于2020年获得中国科学技术大学物理学学士学位，2025年获得中国科学技术大学物理学博士学位，导师为易为教授，在读期间获得博士研究生国家奖学金与中国科学院院长优秀奖。2025年7月至今在清华大学高等研究院从事博士后研究，合作导师为翟荟教授，受博士后创新人才支持计划与清华大学水木学者项目资助。近五年来以第一作者或共同第一作者身份在Physical Review Letters、Physical Review Research、Physical Review B等国际知名期刊发表相关论文8篇，主要研究方向包括开放量子系统与非平衡动力学。2025年至今，主持国家自然科学基金理论物理专项博士后项目。

9

报告人：Sirui Ning，University of California, Berkeley

时间：9月18日（周五）10:30

单位：中国科学院理论物理研究所

Zoom：842 2465 7000

Passcode：345912

摘要:

Geometry plays a central role in electrophysiology by shaping how local ionic currents spread across cell membranes. Yet cells are often modeled using a single transmembrane voltage, assuming that they are electrotonically compact. Using theory and simulations of a spherical membrane vesicle driven by current through a single ion channel, I will examine when and how this approximation emerges.

At early times, the voltage response remains local and insensitive to the overall membrane geometry. Under sustained current, it spreads to the vesicle scale, where the finite and closed geometry drives a crossover to nearly uniform capacitive charging and a single membrane voltage. I will also introduce a nonlocal cable equation and identify the conditions under which conventional cable theory is recovered.

报告人简介:

Dr. Sirui Ning received his DPhil in Theoretical Physics from the University of Oxford, where he studied string theory under the supervision of Prof. Joseph Conlon. He is currently a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at UC Berkeley, working with Prof. Karthik Shekhar and Prof. Kranthi Mandadapu. His research lies at the intersection of membrane biophysics and theoretical neuroscience, using theory and computation to study bioelectricity, membrane electromechanics, and the physical mechanisms that connect ion channel activity to electrical signaling in neurons.

10

报告人：Lihong V. Wang, Bren Professor of Medical and Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology

时间：9月21日（下周一）10:00

单位：北京大学物理学院

地点：物理学院西301（思源多功能报告厅）

摘要:

We develop sonic-speed photoacoustic tomography (PAT) to peer deep into biologicaltissue. PAT offers functional, metabolic, molecular, and histologic imagingacross scales from organelles to entire organisms. We also develop light-speedcompressed ultrafast photography (CUP), which records up to 219 trillion framesper second, far exceeding the capabilities of commercially available cameras.CUP can capture real-time images of the fastest phenomena in nature, such aslight propagation, and can be slowed down to record slower events, such asneural conduction. In parallel, we explore quantum imaging and quantum physics.PAT physically couples pulsed optical excitation with ultrasonic detection.Conventional high-resolution optical imaging of scattering tissue is confinedto depths within the optical diffusion limit (~1 mm). PAT overcomes this limit,providing centimeter-scale penetration with high ultrasonic resolution and highoptical contrast by sensing molecules. Its broad applications include earlycancer detection and brain imaging. With a single exposure, CUP can imagetransient events on time scales as short as tens of femtoseconds. Liketraditional photography, CUP is receive-only and does not require specializedactive illumination, unlike many other single-shot ultrafast imagers. CUP canbe coupled to front-end optics ranging from microscopes to telescopes, enablingwidespread applications in both fundamental and applied sciences, from biologyto astrophysics and cosmology. We study quantum entanglement, quantum imaging,and atomic physics. Unlike classical optical imaging, quantum imaging hasachieved super-resolution beyond the diffraction limit through coincidencedetection. Because photons originate from atoms and molecules, we also investigateatomic physics at the interface between classical and quantum descriptions. Forexample, we found, perhaps surprisingly, that the Bloch equation,conventionally regarded as classical, yields the von Neumann and Schrödingerequations. We also developed a theory that models the multistage Stern–Gerlachexperiment suggested by Heisenberg and Einstein more accurately than existingtreatments.

报告人简介:

Lihong Wang is Bren Professor of Medical and Electrical Engineering at California Institute of Technology. His book entitled “Biomedical Optics” won the Goodman Book Writing Award. He has published 630 peer-reviewed journal articles and delivered 650 keynote/plenary/invited talks. His Google Scholar h-index and citations have reached 171 and 126K, and he is most cited scientist in optics and in nuclear medicine and medical imaging according to Stanford/Elsevier. His laboratory was the first to report functional photoacoustic tomography, 3D photoacoustic microscopy, and CUP (world’s fastest camera). He received the NIH Director’s Pioneer, NIH Director’s Transformative Research, and NIH/NCI Outstanding Investigator awards. He also received the Optica Mees Medal, Optica Feld Award, IEEE Technical Achievement Award, IEEE Biomedical Engineering Award, SPIE Chance Award, and IPPA Senior Prize. He is a Fellow of AAAS, AIMBE, Electromagnetics Academy, IAMBE, IEEE, NAI, Optica, and SPIE. An honorary doctorate was conferred on him by Lund University, Sweden. He was inducted into both National Academies of Engineering and Medicine.

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