男子吃挂面后上吐下泻，发现面已拆封两年！警惕这些“黄曲霉素重灾区”

近日，深圳一男子因吃下母亲为他煮的存放两年的拆封挂面，出现剧烈腹痛、不停呕吐、水样腹泻 、高烧的症状，送医后多项指标“爆表”，转氨酶指标是正常的十几倍，一度面临ICU抢救风险。

A man in Shenzhen was rushed to the hospital with severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, watery diarrhea, and a high fever after eating dried noodles that had been left unsealed for two years and were cooked by his mother. His aminotransferase levels soared to more than ten times the normal range, putting him at risk of ICU admission.

医护人员立刻采集他的呕吐物、粪便送检。经检测，罪魁祸首是那包存放两年、拆封未密封的挂面中滋生的黄曲霉素。

经过一周的住院治疗后，他终于康复出院。

Laboratory testing confirmed that the aflatoxin produced in the noodles, which had been stored for two years with the package opened and not resealed, was the culprit. After a week of hospitalization, he recovered and was discharged.

对此，不少网友吐槽，自己家里长辈也有类似的“迷惑操作”，“希望3·15查一下我家的冰箱吧”……

毒过砒霜！100°C高温杀不死

综合央视新闻消息，黄曲霉毒素是黄曲霉和寄生曲霉的代谢产物，是迄今发现的毒性和致癌性最强的真菌毒素之一。

目前，已发现的黄曲霉毒素及其衍生物大约20种，其中以黄曲霉毒素B1最常见，其毒性约为砒霜的68倍。

According to China Central Television, aflatoxins are metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and are among the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known.

Of the roughly 20 types identified, aflatoxin B1 is the most common one, and it is about 68 times more toxic than arsenic.

更可怕的是，黄曲霉毒素耐高温，裂解温度是280℃。所以，日常烹饪的温度（100℃~200℃）根本奈何不了它，也不要指望开水煮或者油烹能把它杀灭。

哪些食物易被染？

黄曲霉毒素不仅“毒”，而且广泛存在于日常生活中。

▌发霉的谷物：大米、小米、玉米、豆类等淀粉含量高的谷物。

▌发霉的花生及坚果：黄曲霉毒素溶于油脂，花生及坚果富含油脂易滋生黄曲霉菌。

Moldy grains: rice, millet, corn, beans, and other grains with high starch content.

Moldy peanuts and nuts: aflatoxin is soluble in oils, and peanuts and nuts, being rich in oils, are prone to aflatoxin contamination.

▌劣质芝麻酱：用糠芝麻、瘪花生甚至变质的芝麻、花生做原料的劣质芝麻酱，其中变质的花生中含有黄曲霉毒素。

▌小作坊自榨油：小作坊榨油机缺乏除去有害物质的工艺，可能会出现农药残留、重金属污染及存在黄曲霉毒素等问题。

Low-quality sesame paste: sesame paste made from chaff sesame, shriveled peanuts, or even spoiled sesame and peanuts as raw materials ; the spoiled peanuts in such products contain aflatoxin.

Oil pressed in small workshops: small workshops use pressing equipment that lacks processes to remove harmful substances, which may lead to problems such as pesticide residues, heavy metal contamination, and the presence of aflatoxin.

图源：龙华区人民医院

▌长期不清理的冰箱：长期存放食物的冰箱内易滋生黄曲霉毒素和其他细菌。

▌木制砧板、木筷子：如使用后清洁不到位，或长时间放置在潮湿阴暗的角落，木制砧板、木筷子易产生霉变。

Refrigerators not cleaned regularly: refrigerators where food has been stored for a long time can easily harbor aflatoxin and other bacteria.

Wooden chopping boards and wooden chopsticks: if not cleaned properly after use or left in damp, dark corners for extended periods, wooden chopping boards and chopsticks are prone to developing mold.

如何预防黄曲霉毒素的产生？

及时处理霉变食物。如发现家中大米、花生、坚果等食物发霉，请及时扔掉，且剩余部分不能食用。

正确储存食物。粮食、坚果等要放在干燥通风的地方，避免因为保存不当出现霉变，此外家中不要过量囤积食物，降低黄曲霉毒素感染风险。

注意厨具卫生。筷子、砧板等厨具要及时清洗干净，同时定期更换，以免滋生细菌。

First, discard moldy food immediately: never try to salvage a few pieces, as the toxin may have spread unseen.

Second, store food properly: keep grains and nuts in a dry, well-ventilated place, and avoid hoarding more than you can consume in a short time.

Third, pay attention to kitchen hygiene: clean chopsticks, cutting boards, and other utensils promptly and replace them regularly to prevent bacterial growth.

请定期检查食品储存情况，发现问题及时处理， 避免摄入霉变食物。

转发提醒！

来源：中国青年报 深圳市龙华区人民医院 生命时报 央视新闻 扬子晚报

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