航空航天技术赋能铁路：推进铁路互联互通、安全保障与数字化转型

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欧盟铁路与航天机构深化合作，将卫星通信与定位技术融入未来欧洲铁路交通管理系统（ERTMS）及未来铁路移动通信系统（FRMCS）。欧洲铁路行业正加快应用欧盟太空计划，以强化铁路网络的互联互通性、安全性与数字化转型。

由Galileo卫星导航系统和欧洲地球同步卫星导航增强系统（EGNOS）提供的卫星定位技术，已应用于铁路资产管理、货车远程信息处理及信号系统等铁路场景。Copernicus地球观测系统通过监测铁路基础设施及周边环境所获得的数据，为铁路设施设备的预测性维护提供支撑。欧洲铁路联合组织、欧盟太空计划署与欧盟铁路局正开展合作，将这些技术能力进行更系统化的整合。

依托欧洲铁路的科研创新框架，合作各方在提升指挥控制能力的同时，保障未来运营的统一协同。双方合作的标志性成果为EGNOS4Rail项目，由欧洲铁路联合组织、欧盟太空计划署、欧洲空间局与欧盟铁路局联合研发，验证了卫星定位可安全支撑欧洲列车定位功能。

与此同时，欧洲铁路交通管理系统的新一代通信层正通过验证。未来铁路移动通信系统（FRMCS）由欧盟委员会监督，国际铁路联盟与欧盟铁路局合作开发，旨在替代现有GSM-R系统，为欧洲列车控制系统（ETCS）与语音通信提供安全、大容量的数据骨干网络。

强化铁路卫星通信应用

在EGNOS4Rail项目基础上，欧洲铁路联合组织、欧盟铁路局、欧盟太空计划署与欧盟委员会组建专家小组，评估欧盟卫星通信在铁路信号及安全关键通信中的应用。小组将分析应用场景、制定系统需求，研究太空通信如何同时支撑高密度干线与区域线路。

该举措与欧盟更宏观的卫星互联与安全基础设施建设计划相契合，旨在提升地面覆盖盲区外的安全性、抗毁性与高速通信能力。对铁路而言，这将为FRMCS系统增加冗余备份，为低流量线路提供高性价比的ERTMS部署方案。

欧洲铁路联合组织执行董事乔治奥·特拉瓦伊尼表示：“该专家小组是未来在铁路安全关键通信与非安全相关通信领域，落地应用欧洲安全太空解决方案的必要第一步。”

欧盟铁路局执行董事奥娜·盖尔吉内斯库指出，卫星通信（SATCOM）与ERTMS结合，可提升系统抗毁性，为ETCS与语音系统提供安全、冗余的通信通道。欧盟太空计划署执行董事罗德里戈·达科斯塔补充道，将伽利略、EGNOS与哥白尼系统融入铁路运营，在提升定位精度、系统韧性与安全性的同时，强化了欧洲的战略自主。

https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/news/234886/space-enabled-rail-partners-advance-interoperability-safety-and-digital-transformation/

Space-enabled rail partners advance interoperability safety and digital transformation

EU rail and space agencies expand cooperation to embed satellite communications and positioning into future ERTMS and FRMCS systems.

The European rail sector is accelerating adoption of the EU Space Programme to strengthen interoperability, safety and digital transformation across the network.

Satellite-based localisation powered by Galileo and EGNOS is already deployed in rail applications including asset management, wagon telematics and signalling. Copernicus earth observation data is also supporting predictive maintenance by monitoring railway infrastructure and surrounding environments. These capabilities are now being integrated more systematically through collaboration between Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking, European Union Agency for the Space Programme and European Union Agency for Railways.

This expert group is the needed first step towards a future exploitation of secure space-based European solutions.”

Under the research and innovation framework of Europe’s Rail, partners are enhancing command and control capabilities while ensuring harmonised future operations. A flagship outcome of this cooperation is EGNOS4Rail, developed jointly by Europe’s Rail, EUSPA, European Space Agency and ERA, demonstrating how satellite positioning can safely support train localisation in Europe.

At the same time, the next generation telecommunications layer of the European Rail Traffic Management System is being validated. The Future Railway Mobile Communication System is being developed in cooperation with International Union of Railways and ERA, under the supervision of the European Commission. FRMCS is intended to replace GSM-R and provide the secure, high-capacity data backbone required for ETCS and voice communications.

Strengthening satellite communications in rail

Building on EGNOS4Rail, Europe’s Rail, ERA, EUSPA and the European Commission are establishing an expert group to assess the use of EU satellite-based communications in railway signalling and safety-critical telecommunications. The group will analyse use cases, define system requirements and examine how space-based connectivity can support both high-density corridors and regional lines.

This initiative aligns with broader EU plans to create an Infrastructure for Resilient Interconnectivity and Security by Satellite, designed to enhance security, resilience and high-speed connectivity beyond terrestrial coverage. For rail, this could introduce redundancy within FRMCS and provide cost-effective ERTMS deployment options on lower-traffic routes.

Giorgio Travaini, Executive Director of Europe’s Rail, said: “This expert group is the needed first step towards a future exploitation of secure space-based European solutions for both safety-critical and non-safety-related railway telecommunication.”

Oana Gherghinescu, Executive Director of ERA, noted that SATCOM combined with ERTMS offers an opportunity to boost resilience and provide secure, redundant communication channels for ETCS and voice systems. Rodrigo da Costa, Executive Director of EUSPA, added that integrating Galileo, EGNOS and Copernicus into rail operations is improving accuracy, resilience and safety while reinforcing Europe’s strategic autonomy.

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