1成果简介
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轻质、多功能、宽带宽且高效的电磁波吸收(EWA)材料的开发仍是当前面临的主要挑战。本文,陕西科技大学郭江 副教授、朱建锋 教授等在《Carbon》期刊发表名为“Lightweight N-Doped Carbon Aerogels Decorated with Magnetic CoNi Alloy Particles for Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Thermal Insulation”的论文,研究提出通过定向冷冻及后续碳化工艺,成功制备了壳聚糖衍生的氮掺杂磁性CoNi修饰碳气凝胶。其构筑的定向多孔结构与CoNi修饰氮掺杂碳异质界面,通过调控极化、导电性和磁损耗实现阻抗匹配优化。该效果源于对石墨化程度及CoNi合金颗粒负载量的精确控制。同时,定向多孔框架结构有效改善了电磁波的多重反射与散射现象。
值得注意的是,所制备的CoNi合金颗粒修饰氮掺杂碳气凝胶(CsCN-2)在低密度(0.067 g/cm³)下展现出优异的有效吸收波段性能:12.80 GHz频率下最小反射损耗(RLmin)达-58.81 dB, 有效吸收带宽(EAB)可达6.96 GHz,厚度仅3.09 mm。当厚度减至2.85 mm时,最大EAB更扩展至7.52 GHz(覆盖10.48 GHz至18 GHz频段)。此外,CsCN-2碳气凝胶还展现出优异的CST模拟结果和卓越的隔热性能。本研究为设计兼具高性能EWA的多功能碳气凝胶提供了全新思路。
2图文导读
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方案一、Schematic of fabrication of biomass chitosan-derived N-doped magnetic carbon aerogel.
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图1、 SEM images of (a&a1) CsCN-1, (b&b1) CsCN-2, (c&c1) CsCN-3 and (d&d1) CsCN-4 carbon aerogel; (e-k) TEM images of CsCN-2 carbon aerogel.
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图2、(a) XRD patterns of the CsCN carbon aerogels; (b) FT-IR of the Cs and CsCN carbon aerogels; (c) Raman spectra of the CsCN carbon aerogels; (d) Total XPS spectra, (e) C 1s, (f) N 1s, (g) O 1s, (h) Co 2p and (i) Ni 2p XPS spectra for CsCN-2 carbon aerogel; (j) The photograph, (k) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (l) Magnetic hysteresis loops of CsCN-2 carbon aerogel.
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图3. (a) ε', (b) ε", (c) tanδε, (d) μ', (e) μ" and (f) tanδμ for CsCN carbon aerogels in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz.
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图4. 2D&3D Reflection loss maps of CsCN carbon aerogels. (a-c) CsCN-2, (d-f) CsCN-3 and (g-i) CsCN-4 in the frequency range of 2-18GHz with thickness of 1.0 to 5.0 mm, (j) Previous reports on the EWA performance of carbon aerogel materials.
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图5. Cole-Cole semicircle curves of (a) CsCN-1, (b) CsCN-2, (c) CsCN-3 and (d) CsCN-4; (e) C0, (f) Z and (g) α curves of the samples as a function of frequency; Frequency dependence of tmfit and tmexp for (h) CsCN-2, (i) CsCN-3 and (j) CsCN-4 carbon aerogel.
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图6. (a) Simulation model of RCS; (b) RCS values of PEC and samples at diverse angles, RCS simulation plots for (c) PEC, (d) CsCN-1, (e) CsCN-2, (f) CsCN-3 and (g) CsCN-4; (h) RCS reduction plots of CsCN-1, CsCN-2, CsCN-3 and CsCN-4 at specific angles
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图7. Proposed mechanism of EWA in CsCN carbon aerogels.
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图8. (a-b) Infrared thermography images of CsCN-2 carbon aerogel on a heated platform at 100 °C. (c) Curve of surface temperature of CsCN-2 carbon aerogel as a function of time. (d) Infrared thermography image of CsCN-2 carbon aerogel placed in the hand. (e-j) Photographs of the thermal insulating properties of the CsCN-2 carbon aerogel.
3小结
综上所述,通过定向冷冻与碳化工艺成功制备了壳聚糖衍生的N掺杂磁性碳气凝胶。通过调控碳化温度和CoNi负载量,成功实现了电磁参数的调控。CsCN-2碳气凝胶在12.80 GHz频率下展现出-58.81 dB的最小反射损耗(RLmin),对应6.96 GHz(3.09 mm)的最小等效吸收带宽(EAB)及7.52 GHz(2.85 mm)的最大等效吸收带宽(EABmax)。构筑的定向多孔框架增强了电磁波的传导损耗及多重反射散射效应。同时,碳化过程中碳气凝胶的氮掺杂和缺陷可诱导缺陷或偶极极化。CsCN-2碳气凝胶在所有入射角下均实现低于-10 dB·m²的RCS值,其中0°角处达到最佳RCS衰减值24.21 dB·m²。此外,该材料还展现出显著的隔热性能。本研究为设计轻质多功能高性能电磁波吸波材料提供了全新思路。
文献:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121168
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来源:材料分析与应用
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