北京雪地惊现蚊子爬行，蚊子能抗寒了？

近日，雪地里的“蚊子”在各个平台引发大家关注和讨论。

不少网友以为这种蚊子是吸血蚊子，并认为是蚊子出现了抗寒性，且担忧往后四季皆有吸血蚊子。

Reports of mosquitoes crawling on snow have recently sparked widespread discussion on social media, raising concerns that blood-sucking mosquitoes may have developed a resistance to cold temperatures and could become a year-round threat.

在雪地里爬的“蚊子”

是吸血的蚊子吗？

先说答案：雪地里出现的蚊子并不是大家夏天常见的吸血蚊子，而是一种不吸血的摇蚊；一些摇蚊本就耐寒，就是这个季节活动的。

It is, however, clarified that the insects seen on snow are not blood-sucking mosquitoes but chironomid midges, harmless insects that do not bite and are naturally active in cold weather.

雌性的摇蚊，看起来和吸血的蚊子有些相似，但摇蚊前足往往较长，也不会翘着后腿儿。细看，它们也没有针状的“嘴”。

雄性的摇蚊，和雌性一样，没有针状的“嘴”，同时有着毛茸茸的触角。

Female chironomids may resemble mosquitoes at first glance, but they have longer front legs, do not lift their hind legs when resting, and lack the needle-like mouthparts used for biting. Males too, have no needle-like mouthparts and can be distinguished by their feathery antennae.

居室中常见的库蚊，叮人吸血的蚊子，可以看到尖尖的针状“嘴”和长且翘着的后腿儿。

早春公园里常见的大群飞舞的“蚊子”，其实也是摇蚊。

In contrast, common indoor mosquitoes such as Culex species have sharp proboscises and long, angled hind legs.

The swarms of "mosquitoes" often seen in parks during early spring are usually harmless chironomids.

为什么有人冬天在家被蚊子咬？

城市环境中，库蚊和伊蚊是咬人的主力，其中库蚊以成虫的状态越冬。因此即使是冬季，家里或楼道中也可能有躲在角落越冬的库蚊成虫。

曾经的冬天居室内温度往往较低，而如今，人们越来越注重冬季室内的舒适度。随着空调等供暖设施的普及，冬季室内也能温暖如夏。这就可能唤醒在室内越冬的库蚊成虫，苏醒的库蚊便会开始咬人吸血。所以在冬季，被蚊子咬也是常有的事了。

Chironomids outdoors do not explain why some people report mosquito bites indoors during winter. In urban areas, Culex and Aedes mosquitoes, some of which survive winter indoors, are responsible.

Modern heating can awaken these dormant mosquitoes, making indoor bites during winter fairly common.

如何清除这些越冬的蚊子？

要清除室内越冬的蚊子，可以先用扇子扇动居室死角、储物间、沙发背后和柜子缝隙等角落，惊扰藏匿的蚊子，待其飞出后直接拍打消灭。也可在楼道或屋内点蚊香熏杀，能有效灭杀隐藏较深的蚊虫。

此外，由于冬季的蚊子属于“越冬代”，活动力弱且不会快速繁殖，因此通过这样一次集中的清理，基本就能让整个冬季不再受蚊虫困扰。

To eliminate overwintering mosquitoes, residents can disturb hiding spots — such as storage rooms, corners, behind sofas, and cabinet gaps — with a fan and kill the insects as they emerge, or use mosquito coils indoors. Since winter mosquitoes are low-activity and reproduce slowly, a single, thorough cleanup usually keeps homes mosquito-free for the season.

来源：光明网 澎湃新闻 @Chao Wu

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