凉州人牛鉴书写《重修开封府城碑記》，这馆阁体太好看了！凉州学凉州文化！！

牛鉴：前总督两江等处地方提督军务、粮饟、操江、统辖南河事务、兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史、兼管两淮盐政牛鉴书《重修开封府城碑記》

《重修开封府城碑記·碑文》

Inscription on the Reconstruction of the City Walls of Kaifeng Prefecture

前兵部侍郎、兼都察院右副都御史、巡抚河南等处地方兼提督衔；前总督两江等处地方提督军务、粮饟、操江、统辖南河事务、兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史、兼管两淮盐政牛鉴书

Former Vice Minister of War; concurrently Right Vice Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate; Governor of Henan with the rank of Commander-General;
Former Viceroy of Liangjiang overseeing military affairs, grain transport, Jiang River patrol, and the administration of the Southern Canal;
Minister of War and concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate;
also Superintendent of the Liang-Huai Salt Administration.
Inscribed by JianNiu .

中文繁体：

《重修河南省城碑記》

中州左右齐晋，拱翼神京，为西南屏蔽，省治居其中，地尤雄胜，其城始于建于唐李勉。趙宋以後，或廓而增或圯而復，至於明季巨敘，馮陵濁波，引灌而遺址殆盡矣。

聖朝龍興，寳始重建，其地即宋之内京城也，周二十里有奇厥，勢巍壯然，自兹垂二百年，惟乾隆初元當一整葺，未遑大修也。道光二十一年夏六月，河波張灣，潰護隄而入環城，四周降流起涌，幾凌于埤堄，前撫部牛公，身當水衝，率吏民晝夜乘墉，以守先數月，余奉諱還，京逯河警，上闻聞銜。

命重来至，即乘舟登城，從半公竭力捍禦，時方大汛，砰訇盪擊揚沮，所及城墮壞者，動輒數十百丈，蓋瀕危而獲，全者數矣牛公總制兩江去余接署巡撫事，旋從搴交之役，

明年二月河復而城之，在巨浸中巳二百餘日，屏墉穨毀，積沙壅其外，將謀修復，工鉅非常，費無所出。知關封府事鄒君鳴鶴，舉鄉之搢紳，前襄陽府知府王君，前福建閩縣知縣張君等，集議僉以捐輸，請余惟。

國家恩泽，涵濡此邦，俗蓋醇厚，蓋好義勸，功其志然也，遂以奏上，如所議行數月，而貲大集乃備物，用與人徒百堵偕作城舊，髙二丈四尺今增髙一丈，又益女牆六尺。

城之西北隅，全西圯及南閒段圮，其裹六百丈，有奇皆重築焉，旁榦題楨，長栽短踰，悉用古版，築法滌外，垣之沙而更甃之重，建五門及内西門升髙一丈，宋門湔洞升之三尺而開渠，達於惠濟河月城，及城樓廟宇之屬，均復其舊。自二十二年三月興土明年九月告成。

凡用瑚八百六十萬；麒二百六十六萬；以斥計八千萬他竹木；鐵石之需稱是，計縻制錢以貫百二十六萬；有奇白金以兩萬七千，有奇猶有餘財，累數十萬，以濬池濠，築護隄，复貢院，次第悉舉是皆。

聖徳感字都人士，遐通胥勸，展柔錯事，榮力羣效，而于乃籍手，以有成也，民生于焉，安業朙神子焉，秩祀灭司百屬于焉，復其常职子，旣幸受其成，又以為異，時求地志者，必將有攷於斯也，于是乎書其藩臬兩使，以下及汴士大夫有勞者，前以名入告。

詔書褒勵，備矣具終始，厥事如邬君先從，禦河繼總城築，勤勞尤至王張二君，勸分節用，亦其亞也！依古金石之例，宜并書焉！

兵部侍郎、兼都察院右副都御史、巡撫河南等處地方兼提智銜、長白鄂順安撰。

前两江總督（总督两江等处地方提督军务、粮饟、操江、统辖南河事务、兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史、兼管两淮盐政）、河南巡撫（兵部侍郎、兼都察院右副都御史、巡撫河南等處地方兼提督銜）武威牛鑑書。

道光二十四年嵗次甲辰十月上浣吉旦。

中文简体：

《重修河南省城碑记》

中州左右齐晋，拱翼神京，为西南屏蔽，省治居其中，地尤雄胜，其城始建于唐李勉。
赵宋以后，或廓而增，或圮而复，至于明季巨敘，冯陵浊波，引灌而遗址殆尽矣。

圣朝龙兴，宝始重建，其地即宋之内京城也，周二十里有奇厥，势巍壮然。自兹垂二百年，惟乾隆初元当一整葺，未遑大修也。

道光二十一年夏六月，河波张湾，溃护堤而入环城，四周降流起涌，几凌于埤堄。

前抚部牛公，身当水冲，率吏民昼夜乘墉，以守先数月。余奉诏还京，逯河警，上闻闻，命重来至，即乘舟登城，从半（牛）公竭力捍御。

时方大汛，砰訇荡击，扬沮所及，城堕坏者，动辄数十百丈，盖濒危而获全者数矣。

牛公总制两江去，余接署巡抚事，旋从搴交之役。明年二月河复，而城之在巨浸中已二百余日，屏墉颓毁，积沙壅其外。将谋修复，工钜非常，费无所出。

知关封府事邹君鸣鹤，举乡之搢绅，前襄阳府知府王君、前福建闽县知县张君等集议，僉以捐输，请余惟。国家恩泽涵濡此邦，俗盖醇厚，好义劝功，其志然也。

遂以奏上，如所议行。数月而赀大集，乃备物，用与人徒百堵偕作。

城旧高二丈四尺，今增高一丈，又益女墙六尺。
城之西北隅、全西圮及南闲段圮，其里六百丈有奇，皆重筑焉。旁干题楨，长栽短踰，悉用古版，筑法涤外垣之沙而更甃之。

重建五门及内西门，升高一丈；宋门湔洞升之三尺而开渠，达于惠济河；月城及城楼庙宇之属，均复其旧。

自二十二年三月兴土，明年九月告成。

凡用瑚八百六十万；麒二百六十六万；以斥计八千万；他竹木、铁石之需称是。

计糜制钱以贯百二十六万有奇，白金以两万七千有奇。猶有余财累数十万，以浚池濠、筑护堤、复贡院，次第悉举，是皆圣德感召，都市遐通，胥劝展柔，错事荣力群效，而于乃籍手以有成也。

民生于焉，安业明神；祀于焉，复其常职。子既幸受其成，又以为异。时求地志者必将有考于斯也。

于是乎书其藩臬两使，以下及汴士大夫有劳者，前以名入告。
诏书褒励，备矣。具终始厥事，如邬君先从御河，继总城筑，勤劳尤至；王、张二君劝分节用，亦其亚也。依古金石之例，宜并书焉。

兵部侍郎、兼都察院右副都御史、巡抚河南等处地方兼提镇衔、长白鄂顺安撰。

前两江总督（总督两江等处地方提督军务、粮饟、操江、统辖南河事务、

兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史、兼管两淮盐政）、河南巡抚（兵部侍郎、兼都察院右副都御史、巡抚河南等处地方兼提督衔）武威牛鉴书。

道光二十四年岁次甲辰十月上浣吉旦。

中文白话：

《重修河南省城碑记》

中州即河南，左右接壤齐、晋两地，像双翼一样拱卫京师，是国家西南的重要屏障。省城位居其间，地势尤其雄伟险要；其城池最初修建于唐代李勉治河南时。

赵宋以后，城池或扩建或修复；到了明末战乱之时，大水汹涌，泥沙淤积，洪流漫灌，几乎将城池的遗迹全部毁尽。

我朝兴盛开国之初，始再次重建此城，其位置正是宋代的内京城。周长二十多里，形势壮丽巍峨。至今近两百年，乾隆初年虽曾整修，但未能全面大修。

道光二十一年六月，黄河在张湾一带漫溢，决口处冲破护堤直入省城，四面洪水围绕、涨浪涌动，几乎要淹没城墙。

当时前任河南巡抚牛公（牛鉴）正身处水势冲击之处，他率领官员百姓昼夜登上城墙守御，坚守数月之久。奉诏回京，途经黄河闻警讯，被立即责令星夜重回河南。于是牛鉴乘舟登城十分凶险，我与牛公共同竭力抵御洪水。

当时正值黄河大汛，水势砰訇如雷，冲击荡漾，城墙被冲毁之处动辄数十丈、上百丈。城池多处濒临危亡，仅有少数侥幸保全。

牛公被调任两江总督后，由我接管河南巡抚一职。之后又经历抵御侵寇的作战。
第二年二月，黄河才恢复原道，而这段城池被洪水围困已达两百多日。城墙坍塌，外侧沙石堆积如山。想要修复，但工程浩大，费用无着落。

开封府知府邹鸣鹤，联合本地绅士；前襄阳府知府王君、前福建闽县知县张君等共同商议，决定自愿捐输，并请求我主持其事。国家恩泽恩及此地，地方民风醇厚，好义乐助，因此大家踊跃捐款。

我遂奏明朝廷，照议施行。数月后，资金大量汇集，材料与工匠齐备，人力物力万众同心。

城池原本的高度为二丈四尺，如今增高一丈，又加高女墙六尺。
西北角及全西段、南侧部分共六百余丈全部重建。支柱和木材依照旧制使用古法，筑城方法先清除旧沙，再以甃石加固。

全城五座大门与内西门均重新修建：
内西门升高一丈；宋门的洞口提高三尺，并重新开凿水渠，使其通入惠济河。
月城以及城楼、庙宇等设施也一一修复如初。

工程自道光二十二年三月开工，到第二年九月完工。

此次工程耗资极其巨大：
用石料八百六十万，用砖二百六十六万，合计八千万余方；另大量木材铁石等物资，耗费制钱约一百二十六万贯，白银两万七千余两。尚有剩余资金数十万两，用于疏浚城池壕沟、修筑护堤、恢复贡院等工程，逐一完成。

这些工程，全赖圣德感召，本地士民皆踊跃参与，大家同心协力，终使工程得以完成。民众从中得到安宁，百职百司也得以恢复常态。我既有幸承办此事，自然有所感而记之。
后世若有修志者，必将参考此事。

于是我将参与者自藩臬（布政、按察）两司以下及各位汴梁士大夫的功劳逐一致于名录，上报朝廷。
朝廷也已对此加以褒奖。

自邬君率先御河、继而总管筑城之务，勤劳尤为卓著；王、张二君分工筹款，也功劳次之。依照古碑铭之例，应与工程事实同录。

兵部侍郎、兼都察院右副都御史、巡抚河南等处地方兼提镇衔、长白·鄂顺安撰文。
前两江总督（总督军务、粮饷、操江，统辖南河事务；兵部尚书兼都察院右都御史，兼管两淮盐政）、
河南巡抚（兵部侍郎兼都察院右副都御史、巡抚河南地方兼提督衔）
武威牛鉴 题并书。

道光二十四年，甲辰年十月初吉日。

英文翻译：

English Translation of “Record of the Reconstruction of the Provincial City of Henan”

Henan, situated in the central plains, borders the territories of Qi and Jin on both sides. Like a pair of wings, it safeguards and supports the Imperial Capital, serving as an important strategic barrier for the southwest of the empire. The provincial capital lies at the center of this region, and its terrain is particularly grand and formidable. The city was first built during the tenure of Li Mian, Governor of Henan in the Tang dynasty.

After the Song dynasty, the city had been expanded or repaired on several occasions. Yet by the end of the Ming dynasty, amidst warfare and devastation, torrents of water surged in, silt accumulated, and floodwaters poured across the land, nearly obliterating all traces of the ancient city.

At the rise of our present dynasty, the court ordered the city to be rebuilt once more. The location corresponded to the inner capital city of the Song. With a circumference of more than twenty li, it stood with impressive and commanding grandeur. Nearly two hundred years have passed since then. Although some repairs had been carried out in the early Qianlong reign, the city had never undergone a full-scale reconstruction.

In the sixth month of the twenty-first year of Daoguang (1841), the Yellow River overflowed near Zhangwan. The breach tore through the embankments and surged directly into the provincial city. Floodwaters surrounded the walls from all directions, waves rising and swelling, nearly submerging the fortifications.

At that time, the former Governor of Henan, Lord Niu (Niu Jian), was positioned precisely where the floodwaters struck hardest. He led officials and common people to man the ramparts day and night, holding their posts for several consecutive months. I was en route back to Beijing when I received urgent reports about the Yellow River. His Majesty immediately ordered me to return to Henan without delay. Thus, amid great danger, Niu Jian boarded a small boat, entered the flooded city, and I joined him in resisting and defending against the flood.

It was the season of the Yellow River’s great swelling; the waters thundered like rolling drums, crashing and shaking the walls. Sections of the fortification dozens or even hundreds of zhang in length collapsed into the torrent. The city was on the verge of total destruction, and only a few parts survived through sheer fortune.

After Lord Niu was transferred to serve as Governor-General of Liangjiang, I assumed full responsibility as Governor of Henan. Soon thereafter, we also faced military engagements against invading forces.

By the second month of the following year, the Yellow River finally returned to its original course. By then, however, floodwaters had surrounded the city for over two hundred days. The walls had collapsed in many places, and silt had piled up outside like hills. Reconstruction was necessary, yet the project was enormous, and no funds were available.

Zou Minghe, Prefect of Kaifeng, together with local gentry—former Prefect of Xiangyang, Lord Wang, and former Magistrate of Min County in Fujian, Lord Zhang—assembled and resolved to contribute funds voluntarily, requesting that I direct the undertaking. The Court’s benevolence had long nourished this region, and local customs were sincere and upright; thus the people eagerly supported the effort.

I submitted a memorial to the throne, and imperial approval was granted. Within a few months, substantial funds were gathered, materials were collected, and craftsmen and laborers assembled. Everyone worked with shared purpose and determination.

The original city walls were two zhang and four chi high; they were now increased by an additional zhang, with another six chi added to the parapets. The northwest corner, the entire western flank, and a section of the southern wall—over six hundred zhang in total—were all rebuilt. Pillars, beams, and timber followed ancient standards; construction methods called for clearing away the old silt before re-laying and reinforcing the stonework.

All five main gates of the city, as well as the inner west gate, were completely reconstructed:

• The inner west gate was raised by one zhang;

• The archway of the Song Gate was elevated by three chi, and a new water channel was dug to connect it to the Huiji River.

The crescent-shaped outer city, the gate towers, the shrines, and other associated structures were all restored to their former design.

Construction began in the third month of the twenty-second year of Daoguang (1842) and was completed by the ninth month of the following year.

The scale of expenditure was immense:

• 8.6 million units of stone,

• 2.66 million units of brick,

• totaling over 80 million cubic units of building material;

• vast quantities of timber, iron, and stone;

• 1.26 million strings of copper currency;

• and more than 27,000 taels of silver.

Surplus funds, amounting to tens of thousands of taels, were used to dredge the moat, reinforce embankments, and restore the provincial examination hall. All these works were carried out in order.

These achievements were made possible by the moral influence of His Majesty and the collective effort of the local officials and people. Through unity and cooperation, the work was successfully completed. The people thereby regained security in their lives, and all administrative offices resumed their normal functions. Having been entrusted with this responsibility, I record the matter with deep reflection.

Future compilers of local gazetteers will certainly consult this account.

Thus, I listed all those who contributed merits, from the provincial treasuries and judicial offices down to local scholar-officials, and submitted their names to the court. His Majesty has already issued edicts of commendation.

Among them, Lord Wu first undertook the task of resisting the flood; later he supervised the reconstruction of the city walls—his diligence was especially outstanding. Lords Wang and Zhang, who organized fundraising and division of labor, followed closely in merit. According to the ancient custom of inscribing on stone, their names should likewise be recorded alongside the details of the project.

Composed by:
E’ershun’an of the Changbai Banner,
Vice Minister of War, concurrently Right Vice Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate,
Governor of Henan and Commander of Provincial Forces.

Inscribed by:
Niu Jian of Wuwei,
Former Governor-General of Liangjiang (in charge of military affairs, provisions, river defense, supervision of the Southern Canal,
Minister of War and concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief,
also Superintendent of the Lianghuai Salt Administration),
former Governor of Henan.

Written on an auspicious day in the first ten days of the tenth month,
in the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang (1844),
Year of Jiachen.

《东河总督两江总督牛鉴书赞》

刘威

夫书者，心画也，形之于笔墨，神之寄焉。昔者欧阳询、颜真卿、柳公权，各抒其志，翰墨风流，流光溢彩，代有千古。然观凉州鉴之书，乃承先启后，卓尔不群，其书已入化境。

鉴之字，如其人，沉稳端雅不失雄奇。笔势遒劲刚中寓柔，行间气息贯通，似沧海之奔流，滔滔不绝；如泰山之巍峨，稳重巉岩。凡楷、行、隶、草，皆运之自如，若孔子所言“学而不厌，诲人不倦”，以修身养性为本，而用笔以达意境，有柳体之媚，颜体之骨也。

读鉴之宝，观其起收笔，或藏锋含蓄，或出锋纵横，宛若《易经》之乾坤交泰，阴阳调和；或若《礼记》所述：“文质彬彬，然后君子”，字里之间，皆见修养睿智。其法度之精，若程颐论书曰：“书道者，必内修其身，外明其事。”鉴尤得其旨，笔随心转，心与墨通。

尤奇者，惊叹之，其章法布局，疏密得宜，纵横捭阖，仿若天兵布图，蕴一股规则之力。凡观其手迹，若乾坤之大，动静有致，收放自如，犹如仙诀。每临古帖，必先通读上下，心随帖动，而笔落纸端，墨迹连续，一气呵成，无一字不精，无一划不稳。其书如《庄子·逍遥游》所云：“方生方死，方死方生”，活泼而不失法度，动而不生逾矩，有传言曰：“鉴之才学诗情，朝野尽知；翰林帝师，文章墨迹，遍布南北”，然也。

凡书者，贵在得心应手而神采飞霞。鉴之书，庄重古雅，气韵生动；既承古法，而自出新意；既有楷模，而不泥古板。士子名流帝王观之，宜内省而效法；后学临之，得其神而不徒学形。诚谓古今罕有，翰墨之盛，非徒笔墨可比，而是心力之彰也。

昔贤人言：“文如其人，书乃其心”，鉴书法之妙，可见其德与识之兼备，非徒艺事之精，实乃襟怀之大者也。嗟乎，世间多有传世名帖，然能兼涵宇宙之气、持法度之严者，寥寥矣！鉴之书，真可谓笔精墨妙，运锋所至，风云失色，神融形美，流芳千古，书法已臻大成也。

国朝乙巳年丁亥月文华殿大学士凉州刘威写于北京海淀。

《赞牛鉴书法》

刘威

笔势纵横入化境，
墨香千载寄豪情。
山河安抚勤心力，
城郭重修显德烈。
楷行隶草柳颜体，
章法布局自天设。
后学观之心自敬，
翰墨光辉震古今。

本文编辑：文华殿大学士，又名慕容维维、慕容海洋，毕业于南开大学滨海校区，主攻魏晋十六国史 研究 、清代史学研究；凉州文化研究；南京文化研究；青藏文化研究；西北史学研究；中英交流史；西北天主教研究；凉州莲花山遗址研究；牛鉴文化研究； 主要研究方向是大清帝国普通民众的生活，也热衷于撰写既能讲述故事又能提出论点的历史著作。广泛运用在西北进行的田野调查，特别是宗教寺庙遗址、墓志和碑刻资料收集，同时也利用了新出土文献、碑刻墓志、传统的档案馆和图书馆资源。我的研究跨越多个历史时期，目前的研究方向是《西北史》的编篡和清代西北史以凉州府为中心的研究。

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