婚前同居可认定属于家庭成员

11月25日是“国际消除家庭暴力日”，最高检召开“依法惩治家庭暴力犯罪，促进家庭和谐社会稳定”新闻发布会。

最高检党组成员、副检察长、全国妇联副主席葛晓燕介绍，随着社会交往方式的多样化，检察机关依据刑法、反家庭暴力法等法律规定精神，将具有共同生活基础事实的婚前同居关系认定属于家庭成员关系，并将家庭成员身体伤害以外的精神虐待认定为家庭暴力行为，对受害者的保护更加立体全面。

Adapting to changing social dynamics, China’s procuratorial organs have expanded the scope of protection based on the Criminal Law and the Anti-Domestic Violence Law. De facto cohabitation relationships before marriage, when grounded in a shared living foundation, are now recognized as family relationships, Ge Xiaoyan said. In addition to physical harm, psychological abuse has also been formally classified as a form of domestic violence, providing broader and more comprehensive protection for victims.

一段尚未领取结婚证的婚前同居关系，是否属于家庭成员关系？长期的精神打压、情感操控，是否构成家庭暴力？

让我们通过最高检近日发布一则典型案例，看司法实践层面如何对这两个问题予以厘清和认定。

【案情】

精神虐待同居女友致死

男子被认定“虐待罪”

2021年，马某某与女友苗某确立恋爱关系并同居，双方关系稳定，有结婚意愿。然而，在共同生活期间，马某某长期对苗某进行严密的情感操控和精神压制，包括以出轨、分手相威胁，要求其删除异性好友、随时报备行踪，并持续进行无端辱骂和人格贬损。不堪忍受的苗某曾两次自杀未遂。

2022年12月，马某某再次因琐事通过微信长时间辱骂苗某，致其精神崩溃后自杀身亡。

2025年，检察机关以虐待罪对马某某提起公诉，法院最终判处其有期徒刑三年两个月。

In 2021, a man surnamed Ma and his girlfriend surnamed Miao entered into a relationship and began cohabiting. However, during their time living together, Ma subjected Miao to prolonged emotional manipulation and psychological control, leading to her mental breakdown and subsequent death by suicide.

In 2025, the procuratorate prosecuted Ma for the crime of abuse, and the court ultimately sentenced him to three years and two months in prison.

【说法】

具有共同生活基础事实的

婚前同居可认定属于家庭成员

本案的关键突破在于对“家庭成员”和“虐待行为”的认定实现了司法上的拓展。

谁是“家庭成员”？

法院和检察机关认定，双方虽未登记结婚，但已形成稳定、持续的婚前同居关系，具有共同生活的实质，根据反家庭暴力法精神，应认定为虐待罪意义上的“家庭成员”。这消除了反家暴的“灰色地带”，将法律保护覆盖到更广泛的事实关系。

Although the couple had not registered their marriage, they had formed a stable and continuous premarital cohabitation relationship with the substance of shared domestic life. In accordance with the spirit of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, this should be recognized as constituting "family members" in the context of the crime of abuse. This clarification eliminates a "gray area" in anti-domestic violence protection, extending legal coverage to broader de facto relationships.

什么是“虐待行为”？

本案明确，长期、反复的情感操纵、人格贬损等精神摧残，与身体伤害一样，构成虐待行为。当这种行为导致被害人自杀等严重后果时，就达到了“情节恶劣”的程度，必须追究刑事责任。这为遭受隐性家暴的受害者提供了有力的司法救济。

The case establishes that long-term, repeated psychological abuse, including emotional manipulation and character denigration, constitutes abusive behavior equivalent to physical harm. When such conduct leads to severe consequences such as the victim's suicide, it meets the threshold of "aggravated circumstances" requiring criminal liability. This provides robust judicial relief for victims suffering from invisible domestic violence.

来源：人民日报

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