超导世纪、d波超导能隙对称性、二维电子系统、石墨烯人造原子 | 本周物理讲座

1

报告人：曹紫昱，聊城大学

时间：11月11日（周二）10:00

单位：中国科学院物理研究所

地点：怀柔园区X1南楼204会议室
腾讯会议：807-122-628

会议密码：2025

摘要：

加压下La3Ni2O7中发现临界温度超过77K的超导现象，为研究高温超导机制建立了一个全新的研究平台，由此引发了镍基高温超导研究的热潮。尽管La3Ni2O7在高压下的超导性（体现为零电阻和迈斯纳态）已获实验证实，然而，其超导能隙结构与配对机制仍属未解之谜，亟待实验测定。高压下观测超导能隙的主要难度源于材料低超导体积分数和被限制在金刚石压砧中的有限的样品尺寸。本研究通过采用高压定向点接触谱技术，结合动量分辨能隙探测与高压环境，以探测镍基超导体的超导能隙大小与对称性。接触点构建在不同晶面所测量的微分电导谱随偏压变化呈现V形准粒子隧穿或零偏压峰，表明其主要具有d波配对对称性。通过沿c轴制备的4个接触点测得d波序参数的振幅值所对应的能隙-Tc比2Δ/KbTc = 3.7-4.1。证明La3Ni2O7为d波强关联超导体。我们的发现填补了镍基超导体能隙探测的实验空白，由此阐明了La3Ni2O7的超导配对机制，并为镍基高温超导理论模型建立了实验基准。

报告人简介：

曹紫昱，男，2013年本科毕业于山东大学，2019年于中国科学技术大学获理学博士学位，曾在德国DESY同步辐射光源、美国阿贡国家重点实验室访问研究。2019年，于韩国成均馆大学开展博士后研究工作，2024年3月加入聊城大学，物理科学与信息工程学院，副教授，山东省“泰山学者”青年专家。主要从事极端条件下基于金刚石对顶砧压机的超导电性研究工作，具有电子强关联体系的研究背景，研究兴趣包括高温超导，电荷密度波，拓扑绝缘体等。近年来，在高水平期刊Nat. commun.、NPG AsiaMater.、J. Phys. Chem. Lett.、Phys. Rev. B等发表论文20余篇。曾主持韩国教育部国家研究基金2.1亿韩元，国自然青年基金，并参与国内外多个科研项目的研究工作。

2

报告人：Zhesen Yang

时间：11月11日（周二）14:00

单位：中国科学院物理研究所

地点：M830

摘要：

In this talk, I will introduce a concept we proposed recently, i.e., the complex frequency fingerprint (CFF), which is an experimentally accessible method for detecting the complex frequency Green’s function (GF). Unlike the real frequency GF, where ω is real, this complex frequency GF is shown to play a necessary role in both non-Hermitian and (Hermitian) quantum many-body systems. For non-Hermitian systems, we will prove that our method detects complex energy spectra, eigenstates, and complex frequency GFs throughout the complex plane, providing necessary identification of the non-Hermitian skin effect. For quantum many-body systems, our method reveals quasiparticle peaks across the complex plane and intuitively illustrates interaction effects. This information is difficult to obtain with real frequency detection. Our method paves the way for exploring exotic phenomena in both non-Hermitian and quantum many-body systems, bridging theory and experiment across diverse physical areas.

3

报告人： 毛岳，北京大学

时间：11月12日（周三）14:00

单位：中国科学院物理研究所

腾讯会议：984-404-318

会议密码：1112

摘要：

原子结合构成物质时有两个重要过程：一是原子间形成化学键，二是原子内发生轨道杂化。量子点通过受限效应产生不同轨道的电子受限态，可以模拟真实原子的电子轨道，于是量子点也称作人造原子。目前，人造原子已经很好地模拟出真实原子间化学键的形成。然而，轨道杂化却未曾被人造原子模拟出来。我们指出人造原子势场的各向异性可以让不同受限轨道之间发生杂化。我们具体提出了石墨烯人造原子中椭圆各向异性导致的轨道杂化，这也得到了合作者的实验证实。另外，我们发现物理起源迥乎不同的回音壁模和原子塌缩态可发生杂化。

报告人简介：

毛岳博士于2020年获得北京航空航天大学学士学位，于2025年获得北京大学博士学位，2025年开始在北京大学物理学院开展博士后研究，合作导师为孙庆丰教授。发表学术论文16篇，其中以第一作者/共同一作/共同通讯作者身份在Nature，Phys.Rev.Lett.，Phys.Rev.B（5篇），ACSNano等期刊发表论文9篇。入选博士后创新人才支持计划、北京大学博雅博士后项目。

4

报告人：Dr. Jie Wu，Associate professor, Department of Physics,School of Science

时间：11月12日（周三） 15:00

单位：西湖大学

链接：

摘要：

This talk reviews the research progress on superconductivity since its discovery in 1911, including advances in the application of superconductors, the theoretical foundations and developments of superconductivity, the history of major discoveries, and emerging directions. It reflects the devoted efforts of generations of scientists in this important field and its current status. Using superconductivity as an example, the talk also illustrates the fascinating landscape of strongly correlated electron physics.

报告人简介：

Dr. Wu received his B.S. and M.S. from Fudan University and received his Ph.D in experimental condensed matter physics from the University of California at Berkeley. He did his Postdoctoral research at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the USA, Since 2012, he became an Assistant Physicist at the oxide-MBE group at Brookhaven National Laboratory of USA. Then he was promoted to be an Associate Physicist and later a Physicist. In Sep 2019, he joined the Physics Department of Westlake University.

5

报告人：Andrey Varlamov, Ph.D.，Pl, institute of CNR-SPIN, ltaly

时间：11月12日（周三） 15:30

单位：西湖大学

链接：

摘要：

The lecture begins with the remarkable family background and scientific journey of Nobel Prize laureate Lev Landau. It explores his university years and spirited student life, his intellectual pilarimage throuah the leading centers where quantum mechanics was born, and his development into one of the most briliant theoretical physicists of the 20th century. I will highlight Landau's groundbreaking contributions to quantum mechanics, the theory of phase transitions, superfluidity, superconductivity, and high-energy physics. The second part of the lecture focuses on another side of Landau - the inspiring teacher and founder of the renowned Landau School of Theoretical Physics. As the principal author of the monumental Course of Theoretical Physics, Landau profoundly shaped the education of generations of physicists around the world.

报告人简介：

Andrey Varlamov obtained his Master's degree cum laude at the Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology in 1977. in 1980, under supervision of Alex Abrikosov, he was awarded Ph.D. degree in Condensed Matter Physics. He worked as a researcher, associate professor, and full professor of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Moscow Institute for Steel and Alloys (Technological University), then as the fellow at the Condensed Matter Theory Group of Argonne National Laboratory (USA). Since 1999 he has been the principal investigator of the Institute of Superconductivity, innovative Materials, and Devices of the ltalian National Research Council (CNR-SPlN). His main fields of scientific interests are: superconductivity, theory of metals, theory of phase transitions, thermoelectricity, and nanophysics. He is the author/editor of fifteen books, among which is the monograph "Theory of Fluctuations in Superconductors", written in co-authorship with Anatoly Larkin, five monographic review articles, more than 200 scientific papers.

6

报告人：赵世恒，马克斯-普朗克复杂系统物理研究所

时间：11月12日（周三） 16:30

单位：中国科学院理论物理研究所

地点：北楼322

7

报告人：Qingwen Wu，华中科技大学

时间：11月13日（周四）15:30

单位：北京大学物理学院

地点：KIAA-auditorium

摘要：

Both young stars in the central parsec of our Galaxy and super-solar metallicity as found in parsec-scale of broad emission lines of QSOs suggest the presence of stars very close to SMBHs. The stellar process in this extreme environments should be much different from the isolated stars in large-scale galaxy. The tidal disruption events, future space GW detection on extreme mass-ratio inspirals and possible stellar-mass BH merger events in AGN disk will shed light on the unresolved nuclear stellar process in distant galaxies. I will present and discuss the following contents: nuclear stellar process in our Galaxy center; metal enrichment in nuclear region of AGNs; dynamics of stellar-mass BH binary in AGN disk and possible GW features; the possible nuclear stellar process in compact little red dots.

报告人简介：

Professor in Department of Astronomy in Huazhong University of Science and Technology. I mainly work on AGN physics. In last several years, I try to use multimenssenger to explore the parsec-scale nuclear stellar process near SMBHs in order to understand coevolution of SMBH and galaxy.

8

报告人：Danilo Artigas，University of Kyoto

时间：11月14日（周五）14:00

单位：中国科学院理论物理研究所

地点：南楼6620

摘要：

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a major candidate for dark matter, expected to form from the collapse of large density fluctuations generated during inflation. Their abundance is highly sensitive to non-linear effects, some of which can be described through the δN formalism. This approach models the universe as a set of locally homogeneous patches evolving independently throughout inflation. However, accounting for the spatial correlations between these patches is crucial to predicting the spatial contribution of PBHs and the formation of clusters. In this talk, after reviewing the δN formalism, I will show how to include spatial correlations within this framework. As an illustration, I will discuss the ultra-slow-roll model and compute the curvature perturbation ζ -necessary to determine PBH formation- and its spatial correlations at the end of inflation. In the future, this could enable the prediction of PBH binaries and clusters, which may leave observable imprints such as gravitational waves.

报告人简介：

Danilo did a joint PhD between Universtity Paris-Saclay in France and Jagiellonian University in Poland where he studied aspects of quantum gravity and non-linear effects in cosmology, in particular during inflation, from 2019 to 2023. After that, he joined the Department of Physics of Kyoto University as a JSPS fellow. His main research interest center on cosmological inflation, particularly in the non-linear regime of cosmological perturbations and its relation with Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves.

9

报告人： 刘阳，北京大学

时间：11月14日（周五）15:00

单位：北京大学物理学院、北京物理学会

地点：

摘要：

半导体异质结结构不连续的能带结构会在界面处构成势阱，并在界面束缚大量的电子形成一个薄层。电子在垂直于界面方向的运动被势阱束缚而被量子化，而其平行于表面的运动仍然是自由的。这样的电子薄层被称为二维电子气（2DEG）。在极低温度下（~10 mK），极纯净半导体材料中，电子散射等非理想因素被降至极低。二维电子气的物理性质完全由电子的动能以及电子间库仑作用力所决定，并在强磁场的作用下呈现出一系列新颖的量子态。其中包括整数量子霍尔效应（Integer Quantum Hall Effect, IQHE, Klaus von Klitzing, et al. Nobel Physics,1985），分数量子霍尔效应（Fractional Quantum Hall Effect, FQHE,崔琦, et al. Nobel Physics, 1998），Wigner晶体，电荷密度波等等。分数量子霍尔效应是二维电子气展现的一种独特的多体量子态(many-body quantum state)。这种稳定的量子态完全由电子之间的相互作用引入。它的內在禀赋蕴含在电子与电子之间的相对拓扑结构。这种拓扑结构的宏观外在表现展示出超流的特征。

实验技术是物理研究的基石，新的测量手段和装置往往会带来新的物理发现。我们立足于利用最先进的实验方法研究物理现象，开发和改进了包括电容、表面声波等在内的多种极低温测量工具。在突破现有的极限之后，发现了大量新颖的物理现象，加深了我们对于超高迁移率二位电子系统种诸多量子态的理解。

报告人简介：

刘阳副教授在清华大学电子工程系廖延彪教授指导下获得学士和硕士学位后，进入普林斯顿大学师从MansourShayegan教授完成博士学习并在2014年获得博士学位。之后他加入斯坦福大学HariManoharan课题组完成博士后研究，并于2018年入职北京大学物理学院量子材料科学中心。其研究聚焦于利用多种先进实验方法研究超高迁移率二位电子系统种诸多量子态的动态响应特征。

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