抗日战争胜利80周年 | ①中国战场：世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场

94年前，中国人民在白山黑水间打响了抗日战争的第一枪，也揭开了世界反法西斯战争的序幕。在14年的抗争中，中国人民以巨大的民族牺牲打败了日本侵略者，也捍卫了人类的和平事业。回望过去，我们铭记历史，缅怀先烈；面向未来，我们更为坚定地支持、维护和推动世界的和平与发展。

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纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年

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共同的胜利

第1集丨中国战场：世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场

第1集

在中国东北城市沈阳，一列列“复兴号”飞速平稳地驶过柳条湖地区。在离高铁线路不远处，造型独特的残历碑庞然耸立，上面定格着一个日期：1931年9月18日。

In China’s northeastern city of Shenyang, the “Fuxing” bullet trains glide one after another past the Liutiaohu area. Not far from the tracks, a towering calendar-shaped monument stands, bearing a solemnly engraved date: September 18, 1931.

这一天，日军炸毁柳条湖段的铁路，嫁祸中国守军，借此入侵中国东北地区，法西斯势力开始荼毒远东。此时，距第二次世界大战在欧洲爆发还有八年、距太平洋战争开始还有十年。在白山黑水间，中国人民打响了反法西斯战争的第一枪，此后14年，枪炮不曾在此停歇。

On that day, the Japanese troops blew up a section of the railway at Liutiaohu under their control in a staged false flag operation, and framed the Chinese garrison for the act. Seizing the “sabotage” as a pretext, Japan began its invasion of Northeastern China. Later known as the September 18 Incident, it opened a dark chapter in Chinese history. From that day on, Fascist forces began to perpetrate their vicious deeds in the Far East, eight years before the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe, and ten years ahead of the Pacific War. On the vast lands of Northeastern China, the Chinese people fired their first shot in the fight against Fascism, and for the subsequent 14 years, the guns never fell silent.

1937年，日军开始全面侵华。战火蔓延到中国十几个省区，战线长达1800多公里，可以说，寸寸山河，皆是血泪。据不完全统计，中国人民抗日战争期间，中国军民伤亡超过3500万人，按1937年的比值折算，直接、间接经济损失6000多亿美元。

In 1937, the Japanese aggressors launched a full-scale invasion of China. Flames of war spread to more than a dozen provinces in China, and the battlefront stretched over 1,800 kilometers. One can say that each inch of the land was soaked in tears and blood. Available statistics show that during the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, China’s military and civilian casualties reached 35 million. Based on 1937 exchange rates, the country’s direct and indirect economic losses amounted to over US$ 600 billion.

面对残暴的日本法西斯和艰难的现实条件，中国人民没有退缩，而是展开了持久有力的顽强抗击。武汉会战、百团大战等均持续数月，打破日军追求“速胜”的企图。据统计，中国战场歼灭的日军有150多万人，占日军在第二次世界大战中伤亡总数的70%以上。

Faced with the brutality of Japanese fascists and harsh realities, the Chinese people didn’t back down, but rather mounted a prolonged and tenacious resistance. The Battle of Wuhan and the Hundred-Regiment Campaign, among other campaigns, lasted for months, shattering the Japanese aggressors’ illusion of a fast victory over China. Statistics show that over 1.5 million Japanese troops were annihilated on the Chinese battlefield — more than 70% of Japan's total military casualties during WWII.

中国军队的浴血奋战大大牵制了日本兵力，在战略上策应和支持了盟国。1938年张鼓峰事件、1939年诺门罕战役，日军都因为在中国战场推进受阻而被迫收缩战线。苏联元帅崔可夫曾说，“在我们最艰苦的战争年代里日本也没有进攻苏联，却把中国淹没在血泊中”，便是指日本因受中国战场牵制而放弃“北进”计划，使苏联在德军兵临莫斯科时避免了两线作战。从太平洋战争爆发至1943年冬，日军陆军师团一度有近七成部署在中国，中国战场牵制的日军兵力超百万，使日本法西斯无法全力配合德国夹击英美，这在客观上支持了反法西斯同盟。英国前首相丘吉尔也曾说过，如果日本进军西印度洋，必然会导致英方在中东的全部阵地崩溃，而能防止上述局势出现的只有中国。

The staunch resistance put up by the Chinese army greatly pinned down Japanese forces, strategically supporting and coordinating with the Allies. In the Battle of Lake Hassan in 1938 and the Nomonhan Incident in 1939, the Japanese troops were forced to scale back their offensives due to pressure from the fierce resistance on the Chinese front. Marshal Vasily Chuikov of the Soviet Union once said, even in the most difficult years of the war, Japan did not attack the Soviet Union, but instead, drowned China in blood – a reference to Japan’s forced abandonment of its “northward advance” strategy because its troops were bogged down in China. This, in turn, enabled the Soviet Union to concentrate on its campaign against Nazi Germany, which was already at the gates of Moscow, and avoid fighting on two fronts. From the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941 to the winter of 1943, the Japanese Army stationed the bulk of its divisions in China — at one point, nearly 70%. The Chinese battlefield tied down over a million Japanese troops, reducing Japan’s capability to join forces with Nazi Germany in attacking the U.K. and the U.S., and consequently supported the anti-fascist alliance. As former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill noted, had Japanese troops advanced to the Western Indian Ocean, it would have for sure led to the devastation of all the British positions in the Middle East. Only China could keep that from happening.

毛泽东在《论持久战》英译本序言中写道：“伟大的中国抗战，不但是中国的事，东方的事，也是世界的事。”中国战场贡献的力量也不止于牵制日军。除了积极呼吁和推动国际反法西斯统一战线建立，中国也用实际行动诠释着对人类和平事业的担当。

In the preface to the English edition of “On Protracted War,” Mao Zedong wrote, “…the great Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression concerns not only China, but also the East and the whole world.” Indeed, China’s contribution to the final victory in the Second World War went far beyond keeping the Japanese fascists at bay. China was an active advocate of and contributor to the establishment of the international united front against Fascism, and through concrete action, honored its commitment to humanity’s cause of peace.

即使在大片国土沦陷、战争艰难相持的情况下，中国仍毅然派出精锐部队组成远征军，赶赴缅甸，与盟军共同对日作战。除了提供锡、钨等战时急需物资及军事情报，中国还将成都、昆明等多地的空军基地提供给盟军，配合军事行动。值得一提的是，中国的民众也在竭尽所能提供支持。不少空军基地就是民众用简陋的工具修建出来的；1942年杜立特空袭，美国轰炸机队完成任务后迫降在中国多地，75名迫降的美国飞行队员中，有64人被中国军民冒着生命危险营救。

Even when vast swathes of its territory were occupied by the Japanese aggressors and the war was mired in a bitter stalemate, China still resolutely dispatched the Chinese Expeditionary Force, which ventured into Burma (Myanmar) to fight alongside the Allies. Beyond providing critical wartime supplies such as tin and tungsten and sharing military intelligence, China also opened its military air bases in locations including Chengdu and Kunming for coordinated Allied operations. Equally remarkable was the role of ordinary Chinese citizens. Many of the air bases were constructed by locals with rough tools. In the 1942 Doolittle Raid, the American bomber team were forced to make emergency landings in several Chinese cities, and 64 of the 75 pilots who parachuted were rescued by local Chinese—many of whom were civilians—risking their lives to shelter and help the American pilots.

14年，4亿人卷入战争，中国人民用不屈不挠的抗争和巨大的民族牺牲，换来了中国人民抗日战争的胜利；中国战场作为东方主战场，为世界反法西斯战争的最终胜利做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

Over the course of 14 years, the war engulfed 400 million people; but with unyielding resistance and enormous national sacrifice, the Chinese people finally achieved victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. As the main theater in the East, China has made an indelible contribution to the final victory of the World Anti-Fascist War.

柳条湖边的高铁经过，总能看到残历碑。站在历史的坐标上，我们铭记战争的满目疮痍，更是为了珍视和守护来之不易的和平。

When bullet trains speed past the Liutiaohu area, one can always catch sight of the September 18 Incident Monument. Through the retrospect of history, we keep the scarred years in our memory, so that we can cherish and better safeguard the hard-won peace.

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