《石油学报》：页岩油气勘探开发主题双语文章推荐

本期推荐发表于《石油学报》的6篇双语文章，内容涵盖中石油页岩油气开发工程技术现状、不同地质条件下的勘探技术创新与突破、页岩油开发井网优化技术及实践案例等，希望这些研究成果能为相关领域专家学者提供新的思路与灵感。

01

中石油页岩油气工程技术现状及发展建议

Current status and development recommendations for CNPC’s shale oil and gas engineering technology

【摘要】通过分析国内外页岩油气的发展现状，系统回顾了中国石油天然气集团有限公司（中石油）根据中国陆相页岩油气的地质特征，坚持问题导向，在页岩油气钻完井和压裂工程方面取得的新技术、新装备、新材料、新软件进展。通过与北美地区页岩油气总体工程技术的对比，总结了中石油页岩油气开发工程技术方面存在的问题及挑战，提出“中国版”页岩油气工程技术应聚焦于持续推进关键技术装备攻关与应用、加快新一代导向工具研发、储备研发中—低成熟度页岩油原位转化技术、大力推进数字化转型、智能化发展等方面的发展建议，不断提升工程技术水平，从而加大对页岩油气资源开发的支撑力度，保障国家能源安全。

【Abstract】This paper presents the current development state of shale oil and gas at home and abroad and systematically reviews the new technologies, equipment, materials, and software in the fields of shale oil and gas drilling, completion, and fracturing engineering, which are developed by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) based on adhering to a problem-oriented approach tailored to the geological characteristics of China's continental shale oil and gas. Through comparing these technologies with the overall shale oil and gas engineering technologies in North America, the paper summarizes the issues and challenges faced by shale oil and gas development in CNPC, and then proposes development recommendations for a “Chinese version” of shale oil and gas engineering technology. These recommendations focus on continuously advancing the research and application of key technologies and equipment, accelerating the research and development of new-generation directional drilling tools, carrying out ahead of time the research and development of in-situ conversion technologies for medium-to low-maturity shale oil, and vigorously promoting digital transformation and intelligent development. The goal is to enhance the support provided by engineering technology for shale oil and gas resource development and strengthen its role in ensuring national energy security.

02

中国海相页岩气地震勘探技术及其发展方向

Seismic exploration technologies of marine shale gas and their development directions in China

【摘要】页岩气是清洁、高效的非常规天然气资源。近10年来中国海相页岩气勘探不断取得突破，对保障国家能源安全发挥了重要作用，中国也成为世界第2大页岩气生产国。与国外相比，中国海相页岩气资源广泛分布于川、渝等山地地区，地震勘探技术在先天条件差与资源需求急迫的双重推动下取得了快速发展。聚焦中国复杂山地地表、复杂地下构造条件下的海相页岩气地震勘探技术难题，分析国内外海相页岩气的地震勘探技术现状，明确地震勘探技术在提高水平井钻遇率的宗旨下，应以实现高效经济采集、高精度地震成像及页岩气藏解释为发展目标。系统梳理中国海相页岩气地震勘探的关键技术，对行业关注的节点采集、各向异性深度偏移、随钻快速成像及地质力学参数预测等地震关键技术进行了重点介绍及应用效果分析，提出了中国海相页岩气地震勘探技术面临的主要问题及发展方向，并针对中国复杂的地质条件，指出应加快高端自主地震采集、处理技术的研发，筑牢岩石物理基础，深化地质—工程一体化，提高人工智能技术在页岩气地球物理勘探领域的普及应用，推动深部、常压页岩气资源的高效利用。

【Abstract】Shale gas is a clean and efficient unconventional natural gas resource. In the past decade, In the past 10 years, China has made breakthroughs in Marine shale gas exploration, which has played an important role in ensuring national energy security, and China has become the second largest shale gas producer in the world. Compared with foreign countries, China's marine shale gas resources are widely distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous areas, and seismic exploration techniques have achieved rapid development under the incentives of both poor natural conditions and urgent resource demand. This paper focuses on the technical challenges of marine shale gas seismic exploration under complex conditions of mountainous and subsurface structure in China, investigates and analyzes the current status of marine shale gas seismic exploration techniques, and clarifies the goal of technological development to improve the drilling rate of horizontal wells through efficient and economic acquisition, high-precision seismic imaging, and shale gas reservoir interpretation. The paper systematically summarizes the key technologies for marine shale gas seismic exploration in China, mainly introduces the key technologies attracting much attention from the industry, such as node acquisition, anisotropic depth migration, rapid imaging while drilling, and geomechanical parameter prediction, and further analyzes their application effects. Finally, the main problems and development directions faced by China's marine shale gas seismic exploration technology are proposed. It is required to accelerate the research and development of high-end independent seismic acquisition and processing technology considering complex geological conditions in China, build a solid petrophysical foundation, deepen the integration of geology and engineering, improve the popularization and application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of shale gas geophysics, and promote the efficient utilization of deep and ambient pressure shale gas resources.

03

川东红星地区HY1井二叠系页岩气勘探突破及意义

Breakthrough and significance of Permian shale gas exploration of Well HY1 in Hongxing area, eastern Sichuan Basin

【摘要】2020年底，川东红星地区建南区块针对上二叠统吴家坪组二段部署实施的第1口页岩气风险探井HY1井在压裂测试阶段获得天然气产量8.9×104m3/d，实现了中国二叠系新层系页岩气勘探的重大突破。综合HY1井的钻探成果和岩心、钻井、测井、录井及X射线衍射全岩矿物分析、碳同位素等分析测试资料，系统分析了红星地区二叠系页岩气地质特征和富集主控因素。红星地区二叠系发育两套深水陆棚亚相页岩，具有优质页岩厚度薄、有机质丰度高、孔隙度高、含气量高、脆性矿物含量高的“一薄四高”特征。广泛发育的深水陆棚亚相页岩是二叠系页岩气富集的物质基础，有机-无机协同作用提供了良好的储集空间和较强的吸附能力，良好的保存条件是红星地区页岩气富集的关键。HY1井的勘探突破表明：（1）中国南方二叠系页岩气具有较好的勘探前景，是增储上产的重点领域；（2）盆外复杂构造区内相对弱变形区是页岩气勘探的重要方向；（3）地质工程一体化是实现二叠系页岩气勘探突破的重要保障；（4）薄储层、超深层页岩的改造技术和酸性页岩气藏采输气工艺是实现二叠系页岩气规模效益开发的攻关方向。研究认识对于具有相似地质背景的页岩气藏的勘探开发具有重要借鉴与指导意义。

【Abstract】At the end of 2020, Well HY1, the first shale gas risk exploratory well in Jiannan block of Hongxing area, eastern Sichuan Basin, deployed and implemented for Member 2 of the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation, obtained a natural gas production of 8.9×104m3/d in the fracturing test stage, achieving a major breakthrough in the exploration of shale gas in the Permian in China. Comprehensively based on the exploration results as well as the core, drilling, well logging, well log, X-ray diffraction whole-rock mineral analysis, and carbon isotope of Well HY1, the paper systematically analyzes the geological characteristics and main enrichment-controlling factors of Permian shale gas in Hongxing area. Two sets of deep-water shelf subfacies shale are developed in the Permian in Hongxing area, which are characterized by thin high-quality shale, high abundance of organic matters, high porosity, high gas content and high content of brittle minerals. The widely developed deep-water shelf subfacies shale is the material basis for the enrichment of Permian shale gas. The organic-inorganic synergism provides good reservoir space and high adsorption capacity. Good preservation conditions are the key to the enrichment of shale gas in Hongxing area. The breakthrough in exploration of Well HY1 demonstrates the following: (1) The Permian shale gas in southern China has a good exploration prospect and is a key field for increasing reserves and production. (2) The relatively weak deformation area in the complex tectonic area outside the basin indicates an important direction for shale gas exploration. (3) The integration of geological engineering is an important guarantee for the breakthrough in Permian shale gas exploration. (4) The modification technology of thin reservoir and ultra-deep shale and the production and transportation technology of acid shale gas reservoir are the key to a breakthrough in the large-scale high-efficiency development of Permian shale gas. The research and understanding have great reference and guiding significance for the exploration and development of shale gas reservoirs with similar geological backgrounds.

04

鄂尔多斯盆地海相页岩油勘探发现及意义

Discovery and significance of marine shale oil exploration in Ordos Basin

【摘要】2022年6月，中国石油长庆油田公司在针对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段中奥陶统乌拉力克组海相页岩实施的YT3井中获得试油产量为5.3 t/d的工业油流，这意味着在华北地区发现了古生界原生硅质页岩油藏，页岩油新层系的勘探取得了重大突破。基于YT3井的钻探成果，结合乌拉力克组的沉积-构造背景，系统分析鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段的油气成藏地质条件、预测评价勘探有利区可为下一步扩大页岩油勘探规模和评价资源潜力提供指导。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段在乌拉力克组沉积期发育广海陆棚相，沉积了厚层原生硅质页岩，该套硅质页岩具有机质丰度较低、干酪根类型以腐泥型为主、镜质体反射率（Ro）在0.62%～1.48%、生油潜力较大的特征。油源对比证实，YT3井乌拉力克组的原油与鄂尔多斯盆地的中生界油藏、古生界煤层及泥岩在各项地球化学指标上明显不一致，指示其石油为来自本层的油型原油。乌拉力克组硅质页岩储层中溶蚀孔和微裂缝发育、脆性指数较高，与邻近的致密围岩可构成岩性圈闭，有利于形成源内自生自储型油藏。YT3井的勘探突破证实，鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段发育乌拉力克组较低成熟海相原生硅质页岩，具备形成源内规模富集油藏的地质基础。YT3井的勘探突破坚定了复杂构造区油气勘探的信心，开启了长庆油田古生界找油的新征程，对华北地区古生界页岩油勘探具有重要启示意义。

【Abstract】In June 2022, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company obtained an industrial oil flow with a test oil yield of 5.3 t/d in Well YT3, targeting the marine shale of Middle Ordovician Wulalike Formation in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos Basin. That means a Paleozoic native siliceous shale reservoir has been discovered in North China, and a breakthrough has been made in the exploration of a new shale oil pay zone. Based on the drilling results of Well YT3 and the sedimentary-structural setting of the Wulalike Formation, this paper systematically analyzes the geological conditions of oil and gas accumulation in the southern segment of the western margin of Ordos Basin, and makes a prediction and evaluation of the favorable areas for exploration, which can guide expanding shale oil exploration and evaluating resource potential in the next step. Open marine shelf lithofacies and thick siliceous shale of the Wulalike Formation were developed in the southern section of the western margin of Ordos Basin, with characteristics of low organic matter abundance, sapropelic kerogen composition, vitrinite reflectance ( Ro) ranging from 0.62% to 1.48%, and high oil generation potential. Correlation between crude oil and source rock shows that the crude oil in the Wulalike Formation of Well YT3 is significantly inconsistent with the oil from Mesozoic reservoirs, Paleozoic coal seams and mudstones in Ordos Basin in terms of various geochemical indexes, indicating that the oil comes from its source rock formation. The siliceous shale reservoir of the Wulalike Formation has well-developed dissolution pores and microfractures, with high brittleness index. The lithologic traps can be formed with the adjacent tight wall rocks, which is conducive to the formation of enriched intra-source oil reservoirs with integrated source and reservoir. The exploration breakthrough of Well YT3 confirms that low-maturity marine siliceous shale of the Wulalike Formation in the southern segment of the western margin of Ordos Basin provides the geological basis for the accumulation of large-scale intra-source oil reservoir. The breakthrough of Well YT3 strengthens the confidence of oil and gas exploration in complex structural areas, opens a new journey of Paleozoic oil exploration in the Changqing Oilfield, and has important implications for Paleozoic shale oil exploration in North China.

05

松辽盆地陆相页岩油富集条件及勘探开发有利区

Enrichment conditions and favorable zones for exploration and development of continental shale oil in Songliao Basin

【摘要】陆相页岩油是中国独具特色的非常规油气资源类型，已经成为中国石油增储上产的重要阵地。通过系统阐述松辽盆地古龙地区页岩油（古龙页岩油）的勘探开发历程，总结陆相页岩油富集成藏的地质条件，明确资源潜力，并指出古龙页岩油有利区及下一步勘探开发方向。研究结果表明：（1）古龙页岩油主要经历泥岩裂缝油藏、夹层型页岩油和页岩型页岩油3个勘探开发阶段；（2）古龙地区页岩为陆相淡水—微咸水湖盆成因，层状藻富集，形成了分布面积广、厚度大、生油能力强的富有机质页岩，奠定了古龙页岩油规模发育的物质基础；（3）古龙地区页岩发育大量微米—纳米级有机质生烃缝、孔隙和天然裂缝，为页岩油提供富集空间和渗流通道；（4）古龙页岩油热演化程度高，有机质大量生油，原位超压保存，地层能量充足，有利于页岩油的开发动用；（5）古龙页岩油顶、底板岩性致密，断层封堵性好，为古龙页岩油大规模连片分布提供宏观保存条件；（6）古龙页岩油有利区分布面积为1.46×104km2，为大规模连续分布的超压页岩油藏，资源量巨大，石油资源量为（100～150）×108t，齐家—古龙凹陷轻质油带和三肇凹陷内部地质条件优越，试油井产油效果好，是目前勘探开发的核心区。

【Abstract】Continental shale oil is a unique type of unconventional oil and gas resource in China and has become an important field for increasing oil reserves and production in China. By systematically elaborating on the exploration and development history of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin, this paper summarizes the geological conditions for the enrichment and accumulation of continental shale oil, clarifies the resource potential, and points out the favorable zones for Gulong shale oil and the direction of further exploration and development. (1) Gulong shale oil mainly went through three exploration and development stages, i.e., mudstone fractured reservoir, interlayer-type shale oil, and shale-type shale oil. (2) Gulong shale originated from continental fresh water or brackish water lake basin, where lamellar algae were enriched, thus forming the organic-rich shale with wide distribution, large thickness, and strong oil generation capacity. This lays the material foundation for the scale development of Gulong shale oil. (3) Gulong shale has a large number of micro-nano organic fractures for hydrocarbon generation, pores and natural fractures, providing the enrichment space and seepage channels for shale oil. (4) Gulong shale oil has a high degree of thermal evolution, and is generated in large amount from organic matter and preserved in-situ under overpressure, and the formation energy is sufficient, which are conducive to the development and production of shale oil. (5) Gulong shale oil has roofs and floors with tight lithology and faults with good sealing characteristics, which provides macro preservation conditions for large-scale contiguous distribution of Gulong shale oil. (6) Gulong shale oil has a favorable zone of 1.46 × 104 km2, which is a large-scale and continuous overpressure shale reservoir with vast resources of (100–150) × 108 t. The light oil zone in Qijia-Gulong sag and the interior of Sanzhao sag are the core areas for exploration and development due to their superior geological conditions and good effects of oil well testing.

06

鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油开发井网优化技术及实践——以庆城油田为例

Optimization technique of development well pattern of shale oil in Ordos Basin and its application: a case study of Qingcheng oilfield

【摘要】鄂尔多斯盆地庆城页岩油纵向油层多期叠置，横向非均质性强、变化快，开发井网优化难度大。针对庆城页岩油地质特征，为实现储量动用程度最大化，综合利用矿场实践、油藏工程和数值模拟等方法对水平段方位、长度、井距和立体开发井网合理隔层开展了系统研究。研究结果表明：水平井的方位主体采用与最大主应力方向垂直的方案，但在靶前区、地面受限区要综合考虑砂体展布方向、地下储量动用程度和地面井场位置，水平段布井方位可以适当偏转；优化水平段长度主体为1 500 m，受砂体延伸长度短影响的水平段长度为600～800 m；优化单井控制储量为（25～30）×104t，主体井距为500 m，不同油层厚度部署区有所差异；纵向上隔层厚度大于10 m的油层段开展立体开发。基于以上研究，形成了页岩油多层系立体式布井模式。研究成果支撑庆城油田页岩油单井EUR达到（2.6～2.8）×104t，产油量达到165×104t/a，实现了规模效益开发。

【Abstract】The shale oil reservoirs in Qingcheng oilfield, located in Ordos Basin, are characterized by multiple periods of vertically stacked oil layers and strong lateral heterogeneity, making it challenging to optimize the development well pattern. Based on considering the geological characteristics of shale oil reservoirs in Qingcheng oilfield, and comprehensively using the methods of oilfield application, reservoir engineering and numerical simulation, a systematic study was conducted on the orientation, length, well spacing, three-dimensional well pattern development, and reasonable stratification of the horizontal section, so as to maximize the utilization of reserves. The results show that the main orientation of horizontal wells should be perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction; however, taking into account the distribution direction of sand bodies, the utilization of underground reserves, and the location of surface well site, the orientation of wells in horizontal section can be appropriately deviated in the target front area and restricted surface area. The optimal length of horizontal section is mainly 1 500 m, and the length of the horizontal section affected by the extension of sand body is within the range of 600 m to 800 m. The optimized controllable reserves per well is (25–30) × 104 t, and generally the well spacing is 500 m; there are various deployment areas in the oil layers of different thickness. The three-dimensional development technique is applied for the oil layers with a vertically stratified thickness greater than 10 m. Based on the above study, a three-dimensional well pattern has been established for the multi-layered shale oil reservoirs. The research results present a single well estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of (2.6–2.8) × 104 t and an annual oil production of 165 × 104 t/a in Qingcheng oilfield, achieving large-scale efficient development.

期刊推荐

《石油学报》（ACTA PETROLEI SINICA）是由中国科学技术协会主管、中国石油学会主办的综合性高级学术刊物，创刊于1980年，是中国自然科学核心期刊之一，在中国石油学术界具有较高的权威性和较大的影响力。 近年来，《石油学报》注重报道中国石油和天然气领域具有原创性的基础研究及应用研究成果，反映重大课题研究的最新进展，推广新技术和新方法，促进国内外石油科技学术交流。

《石油学报》主要刊登内容包括：石油天然气地质及地球物理、油气田开发技术与工艺、石油与天然气钻井、海洋油气工程、油气储运、石油矿场机械设备等方面的学术论文。 已被美国《工程索引》（Ei Compendex）、《剑桥科学文摘》（CSA）、《石油文摘》（PA）、《化学文摘》（CA）、日本《科学技术文献数据库》（JST）、俄罗斯《文摘杂志》（AJ）、波兰《哥白尼索引》（IC）、荷兰Scopus等国内外20多种重要的数据库和检索系统收录。

中国知网“中文精品学术期刊外文版数字出版工程”（简称JTP）自2015年启动，已与400余种学术期刊合作出版了5万余篇双语对照论文，积累了丰富的学术翻译/英语加工/学术推广经验。形成了集双语出版、主题电子书出版、双语讲座视频制作、期刊英文内容编校加工、资讯编译、海外推广为一体的全方位服务体系，全面助力期刊提升国际影响力。