民宿酒店案例 | 纳蒙卡休小屋：智利南部雨林中的科利科湖畔、土地坡度达到 40%

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一、项目背景 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

在智利南部的雨林中，科利科湖畔矗立着这座房子。此地冬季漫长且降水丰富，夏季短暂却温暖宜人。房子位于陡峭的南岸湖岸之上，对于南半球而言，这样的朝向颇为理想，阳光与视野在此完美交汇。该处土地坡度达40%，土壤成分为厚厚的植被层以及冲积填充物。

这座位于智利南部雨林区科利科湖畔的住宅，其地理特征呈现显著的季节性差异。该地区冬季周期漫长且降水充沛，夏季则呈现出短暂而温和的气候特点。建筑选址于湖岸南侧陡坡地带，该方位在南半球地理环境中具有显著优势——既保障了充足的日照条件，又形成了理想的景观视野。场地地形坡度达40°，其地质结构由茂密的植被层与湖岸冲积沉积物共同构成。

In the rainforest of southern Chile, this house stands by Lake Colico. The winter here is long and precipitation is abundant, while the summer is short but warm and pleasant. The house is located on the steep south shore of the lake. For the Southern Hemisphere, such an orientation is quite ideal, where sunlight and views converge perfectly. The slope of the land in this area reaches 40%, and the soil composition consists of a thick vegetation layer and alluvial fillers.

This residence, located on the shore of Lake Colico in the southern rainforest area of Chile, shows significant seasonal differences in geographical features. The winter cycle in this area is long and the precipitation is abundant, while the summer presents a short and mild climate. The building is located on the steep slope on the south side of the lake shore. This orientation has a significant advantage in the geographical environment of the Southern Hemisphere - it not only ensures sufficient sunlight conditions but also forms an ideal landscape view. The terrain slope of the site reaches 40°, and its geological structure is composed of a dense vegetation layer and alluvial sediments along the lake shore.

二、设计理念 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

客户提出的两项主要诉求包括：其一，设计一栋高架住宅，使其与潮湿土壤相隔离。由于土壤承载力较低，这一要求在实际操作中顺理成章地得以实现；其二，避免设置雨水槽以降低维护成本，同时考虑打造宽大的屋檐来保护窗户免受雨水侵扰。鉴于地基承载力薄弱、土地坡度较大以及客户对高架房屋的要求，设计团队建议建造一座四层住宅。确切地说，是四个半层结构，它们以流畅的方式将房屋内的日常生活有机融合在一起。这种融合，有时体现在视觉层面，有时则通过步行可达性来实现，旨在营造家庭生活的连贯性。另一方面，这四个半层也有助于对需要保持一定距离的空间进行合理分隔。

The two main demands raised by the client include: First, design an elevated residence to isolate it from the moist soil. Due to the relatively low soil carrying capacity, this requirement is naturally achieved in practical operation. Secondly, avoid setting up rainwater troughs to reduce maintenance costs, and at the same time consider creating wide eaves to protect Windows from rain. Given the weak bearing capacity of the foundation, the large slope of the land and the client's requirements for elevated houses, the design team suggested building a four-story residence. To be precise, there are four half-storey structures, which organically integrate the daily life within the house in a smooth way. This integration is sometimes manifested at the visual level and sometimes achieved through walking accessibility, aiming to create coherence in family life. On the other hand, these four half floors also help to reasonably divide the Spaces that need to be kept at a certain distance.

三、空间维度 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

这四个半层具体如下：首先是“地”层，也就是自然土壤与房屋高架地板之间的空间。该层具备足够的厚度，能够容纳诸如游乐区、遮蔽式停车场以及储藏室等遮蔽性户外活动。在“地”层之上半个楼层的位置，是“火”层。这里规划了家庭聚会的空间，像客厅、餐厅、游戏室、厨房以及烧烤区等均设置于此。这一层拥有极佳的北向视野，且空间呈一体化设计。

再往上半个楼层，便是“中”层。此层将入口大厅、会客区和服务区进行了整合。其中部分空间在视觉上与集体空间相融合，悬挑而出，并且可以欣赏到湖景。最上层是“梦”层，对应的是家庭卧室区域，其朝向为北方和远方。从结构方面来看，房屋依靠一条线性挡土墙支撑于山坡之上，高架支柱深入自然土壤达3米。自0层往上，房屋整体采用胶合木柱和梁框架结构。

These four half layers are as follows: First is the "ground" layer, which is the space between the natural soil and the raised floor of the house. This floor has sufficient thickness to accommodate sheltered outdoor activities such as play areas, sheltered parking lots and storage rooms. Half a floor above the "ground" level is the "fire" level. Here, Spaces for family gatherings are planned, such as the living room, dining room, game room, kitchen and barbecue area, all of which are set up here. This floor offers an excellent northward view and features an integrated space design.

Half a floor further up is the "middle" floor. This floor integrates the entrance hall, reception area and service area. Some of the Spaces visually blend with the collective space, protruding and offering a view of the lake. The top layer is the "Dream" layer, corresponding to the family bedroom area, with its orientation towards the north and the distance. Structurally speaking, the house is supported on the hillside by a linear retaining wall, and the elevated pillars extend into the natural soil by up to 3 meters. From the 0th floor upwards, the entire building adopts a frame structure of glued laminated timber columns and beams.

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