国际维和人员日！中国文化中的“和平性”该怎么翻译？

5月29日是联合国维持和平人员国际日，2024年的主题是“适应未来，共创美好”， 旨在回顾七十多年来军警和文职维和人员所做出的宝贵贡献。

在中国历史发展进程中，和合文化源远流长，蕴含着亲仁善邻、和为贵、和而不同等深刻的处世哲学，在中华文明中占有十分重要的位置。让我们一起潜入历史的脉络，通过一系列的中华思想文化术语，体悟中华民族的精神实质，汲取思想智慧。

以下中英文内容来自中华思想文化术语传播工程核心成果——《中华思想文化术语》丛书。

亲仁善邻

To Be Benevolent and Friendly

Towards Neighboring Countries

亲近仁德而与邻国友善。这一思想最早见于《左传》，中国古人用它作为处理与相邻国家关系的重要指导原则，即邻国之间应当相互尊重、相互友好，共同构筑祥和安定的周边环境，它符合国家和民众的根本利益。从地缘政治角度看，“亲仁善邻”重视国与国之间的友好与和平，和“唇亡齿寒”有相通之处；但它又强调“亲仁”是建立“善邻”关系的基础和前提，即双方都应当共同遵循仁德。它体现了原则性和务实性相统一的国际关系理念以及中华民族崇尚“仁”与“协和万邦”的基本精神。

To be benevolent and friendly towards neighboring countries was first mentioned in Zuo’s Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals. The ancient Chinese used this notion as an important guiding principle in handling relations with neighboring countries: Countries should respect and be friendly to each other, and jointly foster a benign and stable environment. This is in the fundamental interests of all countries and their people. In terms of relations among countries, the pursuit of benevolence and good-neighborliness emphasizes friendship and peace between countries and is similar to the idea that if the lips are gone, the teeth will be cold. This concept also emphasizes moral values as a basis of good-neighborly relations, that is to say, both sides should be guided by moral values in handling their relations. The concept, as applied to international relations, is one of both principle and pragmatism. It embodies the Chinese nation’s pursuit of harmonious relations with other nations based on moral values.

▌引例

夫亲仁善邻，古之令轨。（《魏书·许谦传》）

To be benevolent and friendly towards neighboring countries – this has been a good principle observed by our country since its early days. (The History of Northern Wei)

和为贵

Harmony Is Most Precious.

以和谐为贵。“和”，和谐、恰当，是在尊重事物差异性、多样性基础上的和谐共存。后泛指人与人之间、团体与团体之间、国家与国家之间和谐、和睦、和平、融洽的关系状态。它体现了中华民族反对暴力冲突、崇尚和平与和谐的“文”的精神。

Make harmony a top priority. He (和) indicates congruity and appropriateness. It is a state of congenial co-existence on the basis of due respect for differences and diversity. The term later evolved to refer in general to harmonious, congenial, peaceful, and agreeable relationships among people, groups, and states. It epitomizes the “civil” nature of the Chinese people, who oppose violent conflicts and aspire for peace and harmony.

▌引例

有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。”

Youzi said, “Make harmony a top priority in the application of rites. (The Analects)

和而不同

Harmony but Not Uniformity

在尊重事物差异性和多样性的基础上实现整体的和谐共存。“同”与“和”是对待、安顿社会群体的两种态度。“同”指对事物差异性的抹杀，“和”则意味着对事物差异性的保存与尊重。不同的事物彼此间相互辅助、补充，才能组成一个充满生机、富于创造性的和谐整体。

The term means achieving overall harmonious co-existence on the basis of respecting differences and diversity. Uniformity and harmony are two different attitudes to treating and accommodating social groups. Uniformity means obliterating differences in everything while harmony is to keep and respect the differences. Allowing different things to complement and supplement each other will create a harmonious whole full of vitality and creativity.

▌引例

君子和而不同，小人同而不和。（《论语·子路》）

A man of virtue pursues harmony but does not seek uniformity; a petty man seeks uniformity but does not pursue harmony. (The Analects)

协和万邦‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

Coexistence of All in Harmony

指古代有贤德的君主通过实行仁政，将天下诸侯都聚集在自己周围，以实现不同部族、不同国家、不同民族的融合和文化上的涵化，形成和谐统一的部落联盟或多民族国家。这一思想是中国文化整体和谐观的重要表现，是中华民族文化精神的核心观念。

The term refers to the exercise of benevolent government by virtuous and wise rulers in ancient China to win the allegiance of all the vassals, so as to achieve an integration and acculturation of different tribes, nations or ethnic groups and create a harmonious and unified alliance of tribes or a multi-ethnic state. Harmonious coexistence of all is a key feature of the concept of social harmony in Chinese culture and one of the core values of the Chinese nation.

▌引例

克明俊德，以亲九族。九族既睦，平（pián）章百姓。百姓昭明，协和万邦，黎民于变时雍。（《尚书·尧典》）

(Emperor Yao) was able to promote moral values, so that amity prevailed in his clan. He then clarified the hierarchical order of tribal officials. Only when this was done could all vassal states, big and small, prosper in harmony, and the people become friendly with each other. (The Book of History)

中华思想文化术语

《中华思想文化术语（历史 哲学 文艺）》是国务院批准设立的“中华思想文化术语传播工程”的成果之一，以学生和教师等群体为读者对象，为其研读、理解和翻译中华思想文化相关内容提供准确权威、正本清源的参考。

这些术语反映了中国传统文化特征和民族思维方式，体现了中国核心价值，编写者用易于口头表达、交流的简练语言客观准确地予以诠释，目的是在政府机构、社会组织、传播媒体等对外交往活动中，传播好中国声音，讲好中国故事，让世界更多了解中国国情、历史和文化。