中国的这种“幸福草”，让3万多非洲农户收入翻一番

在世界上最不发达的国家之一卢旺达，中国的菌草技术让当地三万多个农户的收入增加了一倍。而在南非，一个农户只要管理好十平方米的菇厂，就能摆脱贫困。

2020年9月9日，在卢旺达首都基加利，一名当地工作人员检查菌袋。图源：新华社

In Rwanda, one of the least developed countries in the world, China's Juncao technology has doubled the income of over 30,000 local farmers. In South Africa, a household can escape poverty by effectively managing a mushroom farm as small as ten-square-meters. Juncao technology (jun translates as "mushroom" and cao as "grass") enables circular production involving plants, animals and mushrooms.

在卢旺达首都基加利从事社会服务工作的帕斯卡西·尼拉吉尔曾先后在中国福建农林大学、中国援卢旺达农业技术示范中心学习菌菇种植技术。此后，尼拉吉尔带领当地贫困妇女种植和出售菌菇。

“目前我们每月生产3000个菌袋，我们出售一些菌袋以帮助那些贫困妇女的孩子获得小学和中学学费，而另一些则用于改善妇女和儿童的营养。”尼拉吉尔说。

“被广大发展中国家称之为‘扶贫草’‘幸福草’的菌草，具有投入少、见效快、产出多的特点。不仅为中国，也为世界上其他发展中国家摆脱贫困发挥了积极作用。”7月10日，在全球共享发展行动论坛首届高级别会议的一场分论坛上，被喻为“菌草之父”的国家菌草工程技术研究中心首席科学家林占熺解释道。

国家菌草工程技术研究中心首席科学家林占熺

Lin Zhanxi, chief scientist of China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, dubbed "father of the Juncao grass", stated during a sub-forum on July 10 that with little investment but fast and remarkable effects, Juncao technology has played a positive role in poverty reduction not only in China but also in other developing countries, and is viewed as "Grass for Poverty Alleviation" and "Grass of Happiness".

在本次全球共享发展行动论坛首届高级别会议中，南南合作与中国的贡献成为一个重要的讨论议题。158个国家和国际组织驻华代表以线上线下的方式共同探讨如何通过共同行动推动全球发展倡议，促进实现联合国2030可持续发展目标。

The sub-forum is part of the first high-level conference of the Forum on Global Action for Shared Development, which was held in Beijing on Monday. China's contribution and South-South cooperation in global poverty alleviation is an important topic.

消除贫困是人类共同的使命。20世纪90年代末，在时任福建省委副书记习近平同志的指示下，林占熺同其他中国专家一起前往巴布亚新几内亚，实施菌草技术外援。

Poverty alleviation is a common mission for humanity. In the late 1990s, under the instructions of Xi Jinping, then deputy secretary, CPC Fujian Provincial Committee, Lin led a team of experts to Papua New Guinea to provide assistance in implementing Juncao technology.

“当时还处于物流紧急状态。这样的条件下，如何让当地村民掌握现代生物技术和菌草技术以帮助他们脱贫，成为了一个全新的挑战。”

"Under poor logistical conditions, it was a brand new challenge for us to help local villagers to master modern Juncao technology and get rid of poverty," Lin said.

林占熺带领菌草技术专家组，从实际出发，将技术简化至最简，让当地村民能够掌握菌草培育技术。

Lin and his expert team made a lot of efforts to localize and simplify the cultivation technology for local villagers.

2021年8月12日，福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心首席科学家林占熺（右一）让卢旺达留学生欧贝德·尼伊姆巴巴兹试尝幼嫩菌草的味道。图源：新华社

不久前在联合国举行的一场科技创新论坛上，巴布亚新几内亚农民科罗拉玛向世界分享了科技减贫的经验：“在中国菌草专家的技术培训和指导下，我们已经能够每周生产200公斤鲜菇供应本地经销商。大家很快挣了钱，给家里建了新房、买了新车。我还配合中国专家为周边10个村庄提供1500多人次的培训。大家的收入增加了，社区营养不良的水平也从70%降到55%。”

在巴布亚新几内亚，菌草技术已经推广到全国8个省份、16个地区，惠及8600多户老百姓。在东高地省，菌草产业被看作是继咖啡之后位列第二的支柱产业。中国菌草技术帮助当地告别了贫困，使东高地省成为实施联合国2030年可持续发展议程的一个典范。

In Papua New Guinea, Juncao technology has been extended to 8 provinces and 16 regions, and benefited more than 8,600 households. In the eastern Highlands province there, the Juncao industry is regarded as the second pillar industry after coffee. China's Juncao technology has helped local residents overcome poverty, making the province an exemplary model in implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

如今，小而美、惠民生的菌草技术已在全球106个国家和地区应用推广，给当地创造了数十万个绿色就业机会，服务联合国17个可持续发展目标中的13个目标，成为中国援外扶贫的一大品牌。

This handy and people-centered technology has taken root in 106 countries and regions, generating tens of thousands of local jobs, serving for 13 of 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. It has become a well-known signboard for China's foreign assistance and poverty-alleviation endeavors overseas.

中国自古以来就有“仓禀实，天下安”之说。中国用不足全球9％的土地实现了约占世界1/4的粮食产量，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，减少了近8亿贫困人口，提前十年实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程的减贫目标，极大加速了世界减贫进程。

China managed to produce about one-fourth of the world’s food with less than 9% of the world's arable land. The country has lifted nearly 800 million people out of poverty, achieving the first target of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule, which accelerated the process of global poverty reduction.

印度孟买观察家研究基金会前主席库尔卡尼

印度孟买观察家研究基金会前主席库尔卡尼在论坛上指出，中国的脱贫经验表明彻底消除贫困不一定是梦想，也可以成为现实。全球发展倡议的核心是尽可能在短时间内，在世界各地彻底且不可逆转地消除贫困。中国以其强烈的政治意愿和贡献树立了一个鼓舞人心的榜样。

Sudheendra Kulkarni, former president of Observer Research Foundation Mumbai, told the forum that China’s experience in poverty alleviation showed that complete eradication of poverty is not just a dream but could be a reality. And one goal of the Global Development Initiative proposed by China is to completely and irreversibly eliminate poverty around the world in the shortest time possible. With its strong political will and commitment, China has set an inspiring example, he said.

中国还积极参与全球减贫合作。据国家国际发展合作署副署长唐文弘介绍，中国向联合国粮农组织南南合作基金捐款1.3亿美元，向40多个国家和地区派遣农业专家和农业技术人员；在古巴、佛得角、赞比亚、东帝汶等地开展粮食加工和仓储设施等项目。

According to Tang Wenhong, deputy head of the China International Development Cooperation Agency, China has donated a total of $130 million to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's South-South Cooperation Programme. China has sent a large number of agricultural experts and technical personnel to more than 40 countries, and has conducted food processing and storage projects in countries such as Cuba, Cape Verde, Zambia and Timor-Leste, he said.

联合国粮农组织助理总干事金钟珍说，自1996年以来，中国一直是粮农组织的重要战略伙伴，联合国粮农组织高度赞赏中国对国际发展合作做出的坚定承诺。全球发展倡议中的八大重点领域与粮农组织的主要任务和优先事务高度相关。“粮农组织将继续与中国加强粮食领域的国际合作，为加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程、建设没有饥饿贫困的世界作出更大贡献。”

Jong-Jin Ki, assistant director-general of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, said at the forum that China has been a crucial strategic partner for the FAO since 1996. The FAO highly appreciates China's steadfast commitment to international development cooperation, he said, adding that the eight key areas prioritized in the GDI align closely with the FAO's key areas of focus and priority issues, he said. He affirmed that the organization will continue strengthening international cooperation in the field of food security with China, making greater contributions towards achieving the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and building a world free from hunger and poverty.

国际农业发展基金会助理副总裁萨图·桑塔拉说，该机构见证了中国过去40年来在提高粮食安全和营养、促进农业和农村发展等方面取得的巨大成就，相信中国有非常多的经验可供分享。

Satu Santala, associate vice-president of the External Relations and Governance Department at International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), acknowledged at the forum that the organization has witnessed China's immense achievements over the past 40 years in improving food security, nutrition, and promoting agricultural and rural development. "The IFAD believes that China has a wealth of experience to share," she said.

桑塔拉表示：“我们非常欢迎中国的全球发展倡议，也期待与中国和所有合作伙伴一起努力，消除贫困，实现粮食系统的转型。”

The IFAD welcomes the GDI and looks forward to collaborating with China and all partners to eradicate poverty and transform food systems, Santala said.

记者：周瑾 朱迪齐

来源：国际在线 人民日报