COP15-2 | “中国角”海南日宣传片《海南特有种》《喀斯特雨林》

COP15-2海南日宣传片

联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会（COP15）第二阶段会议于2022年12月7日至19日在加拿大蒙特利尔举行。

蒙特利尔时间12月13日，海南省将在当地举办COP15中国角“海南日”展览宣介活动。我们将陆续推出生物多样性保护系列成果宣传片，展示生物多样性保护海南经验。今天推出《海南特有种》和《喀斯特雨林》。

海南特有种

Hainan Endemic Species

海南长臂猿

Hainan Gibbon,

海南孔雀雉

Hainan Peacock-pheasant ,

海南山鹧鸪

Hainan Partridge,

海南睑虎

Hainan cave gecko,

海南瑶螈

Hainan Knobby Newt ,

海南臭蛙它们是海南特有种

and Hainan Odorous Frog are all unique to Hainan.

海南拥有中国海南独有的动植物种类及种质基因库

Hainan has a unique animal and plant species and a germplasm gene bank not only endemic to the island,

是热带生物多样性和遗传资源的宝库

but also to the whole of China and the rest of the world.

全省野生动物704种

It is a treasure house of tropical biodiversity and genetic resources.

一级保护48种

In Hainan, there are 704 species of wild animals, including 48 species subject to first-class protection,

二级保护167

167 species subject to second-class protection,

中国特有种37种

37 species endemic to China,

海南特有种32种

and 32 species endemic to Hainan.

大约100万年前

About one million years ago,

海南岛与雷州半岛相连

Hainan Island was connected to the Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong.

因地壳下陷，海水上涨

Due to the subsidence of the earth's crust and the resulting rise in sea water,

形成琼州海峡遂成大陆岛

the Qiongzhou Strait was formed, and Hainan became a continental island.

长期的地理隔离造成了生殖隔离

Long-term geographic isolation has resulted in reproductive isolation and has formed interspecific differentiation,

形成了种间分化差异，海南特有种因此形成

leading to the formation of Hainan’s endemic species.

在海南热带雨林国家公园

In the NATIONAL PARK OF HAINAN TROPICAL RAINFOREST ,

生活着海南拟髭蟾

there live many amphibians and reptiles peculiar to Hainan, such as the Hainan Pseudomoustache Toad,

海南湍蛙 小湍蛙细刺水蛙

the Hainan Torrent Frog, the Little Torrent Frog, Fine-spined Frog,

海南臭蛙脆皮大头蛙 鹦哥岭树蛙

Hainan Odorous Frog, Fragile Large-headed Frog, the Yinggeling Treefrog,

海南睑虎 霸王岭睑虎[910] 等海南特有两栖爬行动物

Hainan cave gecko , and the Bawangling cave gecko.

睑虎属世界范围内记录有21种

There are 21 species of Geckos recorded worldwide,

中国分布12种

12 of which are in China,

其中海南就有4种

including 4 that are endemic to Hainan,

均为海南特有种—— 海南睑虎、霸王岭睑虎

such as Hainan cave gecko , Bawangling cave gecko,

周氏睑虎和中华睑虎

Zhou’s leopard gecko and Chinese Leopard Gecko.

睑虎靠捕食小型节肢动物为生

Geckos live on small arthropods,

大多分布于火山岩地区

and are mostly distributed in volcanic rock areas,

喀斯特地区也有发现

as well as being found in karst areas.

它们的栖息地呈现出碎片化的特点

Their habitats are fragmented due to natural interference or human activities.

睑虎喜欢阴冷潮湿的环境

Geckos like a cold and humid environment,

昼伏夜出

and sleep in the daytime and get up at night.

睑虎爬行姿势独特

They crawl with their bodies and limbs suspended over the ground,

身体四肢支撑悬浮于地面之上

a posture which can be awe inspiring.

霸气的外表和它温顺的性情形成了极大反差

Their domineering appearance is in great contrast to their docile temperament.

作为来自海南中部山区的“原住民”

Indigenous to the mountains of central Hainan,

海南瑶螈 [913] 隶属于两栖纲有尾目蝾螈科疣螈属

the Hainan Knobby Newt belongs to the Newt family of the Amphibia Caudata Salamandridae,

是海南特有的唯一有尾两栖类

and is the only tailed amphibian unique to Hainan.

海南瑶螈全长可达15厘米

The Hainan Knobby Newt is 15 cm long,

头部较宽大

has a broad head

体背面棕褐色或黑色布满密集疣粒

and a brown or black back densely covered with warts.

体两侧各有1排圆形瘰粒14～16枚

It has 14-16 round swollen areas on each side of its body,

胸腹部有细密缢纹背

and a constricted striation on the chest and abdomen.

海南瑶螈生活在海拔600米—1700米的

The Hainan Knobby Newt lives in evergreen broad-leaved forests in mountainous areas

常绿阔叶林带山区

at altitudes between 600 and 1,700 meters.

所在环境植被繁茂林下阴湿

They live in deciduous forests or in the damp roots of plants.

繁殖后成螈营陆栖生活

After breeding, adult salamanders live on land and feed on earthworms,

以蚯蚓、蛞蝓及其他小动物为食。

slugs and other tiny animals.

姿态如壁虎，行动如蜥蜴。

They behave like geckos and act like lizards.

海南热带雨林国家公园是海南特有种的重要栖息地

The NATIONAL PARK OF HAINAN TROPICAL RAINFOREST is an important habitat for these endemic species.

守护这些海南特有种

Protecting these endemic species

就是守护海南热带雨林的生物多样性

means protecting the biodiversity of Hainan's tropical rain forest.

喀斯特雨林

Karst Rainforest

当我们谈起热带雨林 你会想到什么

What do you think of the tropical rainforests?

云雾缭绕的葱郁山林

Lush forests enveloped in clouds?

深邃幽微的神秘角落

Deep and mysterious?

又或者惊心动魄的动物王国

Or a thrilling animal kingdom?

如果说还有什么风景能让我们流连忘返的

If there is any scenery that is totally unforgettable,

那一定是“喀斯特雨林”

it has to be the Karst Rainforest.

生命 在这里呈现出最极致的姿态

Life is at its most extreme here.

那是在陡峭崖壁上盛开的小粉花

You’ll see small pink flowers blooming on the steep cliffs

是石缝中挤出的故事里的小黄花

and small yellow flowers in the crevices,

又或者拼命吸附在岩石上的兰花

and orchids desperately hugging the rock!

这里没有土壤，只有岩石，一片又一片

No soil, only sheets of rocks!

干旱 成就了喀斯特地貌里的独特雨林植物景观

Drought has created a unique rainforest plant landscape in the karst landforms.

在海南岛热带雨林的仙安石林和俄贤岭

In the Xian'an Stone Forest and the E’xian Ridge of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest,

形成了特殊的喀斯特雨林地貌奇观。

there is a special karst rainforest landscape.

海南热带雨林国家公园仙安石林

The Xian'an Stone Forest in the NATIONAL PARK OF HAINAN TROPICAL RAINFOREST

是世间少有的热带雨林型喀斯特剑状、针状石林

is a karst sword- and needle-shaped stone forest that is rare in this world.

仙安石林位于海拔700米的仙安岭上

Located on the Xian'an Mountain, the forest stands 700 meters above sea level,

占地39公顷

and covers an area of 39 hectares.

石林景区的天然植被覆盖度达70%

The natural vegetation coverage of the Stone Forest Scenic Area reaches 70%.

呈现出热带低山雨林景观

Such a tropical low mountain rainforest landscape

填补了中国热带岩溶石林地貌的空白

fills a gap in China's tropical karst stone forest landform,

富有重要的科学价值

and has huge scientific value.

位于海南岛东部，丰沛的降水

Located in eastern Hainan and blessed with abundant rainfall,

使得仙安石林危峰兀立

the Xian'an Stone Forest is filled with steep peaks,

难以攀爬步行

which makes it difficult to climb and walk.

从远处和高空俯视

Looked down on from a distance at high altitude,

石林如狼牙一般密集

the stone forest is as dense as a wolf’s teeth.

当来到近处

When one gets closer to it,

可见层峦叠嶂，千岩万壑，

one sees that the hills, rocks and ravines

处处彰显着它的珍稀性和独特性。

combine to show its rarity and uniqueness.

距离仙安石林200公里外的俄贤岭，

The different karst landform of Hainan Island can be seen

我们则能见到不一样的喀斯特地貌

in the E’xian Mountains, 200 kilometers away from the Xian'an Stone Forest.

相对于东部丰沛降水形成的剑状、针状石林

Unlike the sword-shaped and needle-shaped stone forests in east Hainan with abundant rainfall,

这里的降雨量较少，石头看起来也温和了许多。

the stone forests here with less rainfall look much milder.

俄贤岭是一座巨大的石灰岩山体

E’xian, a huge limestone mountain,

它巍峨耸立 从海拔100多米的山脚拔地而起

towers over its base more than 100 meters above sea level.

地貌发育的非常完整 典型

With complete and typical geomorphic development,

这在中国所有石灰岩地区是绝无仅有的

the E’xian Mountains boast limestone areas unique to China.

俄贤岭以占海南陆域不到2%的面积有丰富而奇特的生物种类和植被类型

The mountains cover less than 2% of Hainan's land area and are rich in unique biological species and types of vegetation.

其植物种类却占海南植物总种类的17%

Its plant species account for 17% of the total plant species in Hainan.

俄贤岭则将喀斯特地貌和热带雨林完美地结合在一起

What is unique is that the E’xian Mountains’ karst landform and tropical rainforest

形成“石头上的雨林”的独特景象

form a unique scene of being a "rainforest based on stone".

与仙安石林一起

Together with the Xian'an Stone Forest,

成就了海南岛别样的“喀斯特雨林”。

it has become a unique "karst rainforest" on Hainan Island.