印度网友提问道：相比印度，为什么尼泊尔更加信任和喜欢中国？

尼泊尔这个国家非常特殊，国土面积非常狭小，处在北方大国和印度之间。其中领土的三个方向与印度相连，北方边境线背靠喜马拉雅南部山脉与北方大国接壤。早在上个世纪印度吞并锡金的时候，印度其实已经开始对不丹和尼泊尔等周边小国进行渗透，并且已经获得了这两个国家的驻兵权和铸币权，同时，对于尼泊尔的政治经济也开始强力控制。在海外问答网站Quora上，印度网友提问道：相比印度，为什么尼泊尔更加信任和喜欢中国？这引起各国网友的关注和热议，我们看看他们的观点。

问题：为什么尼泊尔更信任和喜欢中国而非印度？

南亚网友卡汉达的回答

There are many reasons why they prefer China to India and Nepal.

比起印度尼泊尔更喜欢中国有很多原因。

1. China does not interfere in Nepal's internal affairs as India does. China will not exert pressure in the Constitution, as India does, to write and not write anything.

1.中国不像印度那样干涉尼泊尔内政。中国不会像印度那样在宪法中施加压力，要求写什么，不写什么。

2. India and Nepal have border disputes such as Kalapani. Nepal's land in Terai has been continuously occupied. Nepal and China have no border disputes.

2.印度和尼泊尔存在卡拉帕尼（kalapani）等边界争端，尼泊尔在特莱的土地不断被侵占，尼泊尔和中国没有边界争端。

3. Misconduct and rape committed by Sashtra Sema Barr (SSB) in the border area of Nepal have been reported from time to time. This has caused public anger in Nepal

3.萨沙特拉·塞马·巴尔（SSB）在尼泊尔边境地区实施的不当行为和强奸事件不时见诸新闻，这在尼泊尔国内引发众怒

4. Many treaties signed between India and Nepal are very unfavorable to Nepal. River treaties such as Mahakali, Koshi and Naryani are very unfavorable to Nepal. The Sugauli Treaty is the most despised by Nepal.

4.印度和尼泊尔之间签署的许多条约对尼泊尔非常不利，像mahakali、koshi、Naryani等河流条约对尼泊尔非常不利，尼泊尔最鄙视的是sugauli条约。

5. Like Indian politicians, Nepalese politicians who like to attack Pakistan and Bangladesh like to attack everything in India and the people.

5.像印度政客一样，喜欢抨击巴基斯坦和孟加拉的尼泊尔政客喜欢抨击印度的一切和人民的一切。

6. The Nepalese people know the fate of Sikkim. Therefore, Nepal hopes to establish better relations with China.

6.尼泊尔人民知道锡金的命运，因此，尼泊尔希望与中国建立更好的关系。

Many Nepalese go to India to work. The stories and diseases they brought home were very bad in most cases. In China, although few Nepalese people go there, students and businessmen like them give positive feedback after returning from China.

许多尼泊尔人去印度工作。他们带回家乡的故事和疾病在大多数情况下都非常糟糕。在中国，尽管很少有尼泊尔人去那里，但像学生和商人从中国回来后反馈比较积极。

9. Nepal appreciates the efficiency and quality of Chinese projects. On the other hand, projects in India are of low quality in many cases, with delays and sometimes just empty promises.

9.尼泊尔赞赏中国项目的效率和质量。另一方面，印度的项目在很多情况下质量很低，有延误，有时只是空头支票。

10. India opposes Nepal's participation in OBOR, which is regarded as India's attempt to block and hinder Nepal's development. On the other hand, China is regarded as a friend who helps Nepal develop vigorously.

10.印度反对尼泊尔参加OBOR，在尼泊尔被视为印度试图阻止和阻碍尼泊尔的发展。另一方面，中国被视为大力帮助尼泊尔发展的朋友。

11. India provoked devastating events in Nepal, which destroyed half of Nepal's economy and caused thousands of deaths. This is the last blow. Many people died because of drug shortage, and many enterprises went bankrupt. Nepal was destroyed, and India was the culprit. The Nepalese people said that it is enough. We need China.

11.印度在尼泊尔挑起过毁灭性事件，摧毁了尼泊尔一半的经济，造成数千人死亡，这是最后的一击。许多人因药品短缺而死亡，许多企业破产。尼泊尔遭到破坏，印度是罪魁祸首。尼泊尔人民说，足够了，我们需要中国。

印度网友加内什?奈卡的回答

Nepal has not yet got rid of the "infancy" common in small countries. As a small country, Nepal is a toddler. Its international outlook and behavior depend not so much on the realization of long-term national interests as on the satisfaction of short-term interests.

尼泊尔尚未摆脱小国中常见的“婴儿期”。作为一个小国，尼泊尔是一个蹒跚学步的国家，其国际观和行为与其说取决于长期国家利益的实现，不如说取决于短期利益的满足。

This is true of most of India's neighbors in South Asia - Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh... almost all countries except the isolated Bhutan.

印度在南亚的大多数邻国都是如此——巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、孟加拉国……几乎所有国家都是如此，与世隔绝的不丹除外。

Nepal is extremely backward in national governance. Here is an interesting example:

尼泊尔在国家治理方面极为落后，下面是个有趣的例子：

India's land area is 22 times that of Nepal, and its population is 43 times that of Nepal by 2020. India's political, cultural, religious and ethnic diversity makes it look more like a continent than a unified country.

印度是尼泊尔国土面积的22倍，截至2020年，其人口是尼泊尔的43倍。印度的政治、文化、宗教和民族多样性使它看起来更像一个大陆而不是一个统一的国家。

Despite these challenges, it took India only three years after independence to pass a constitution that was considered to be the "largest" constitution in the world at that time! This is because its author, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, absorbed the best governance principles of all independent countries in the world to formulate the Indian Constitution.

尽管存在这些挑战，印度在独立后仅用了3年就通过了一部被认为是当时世界上“最庞大”的宪法！这是因为它的编写者B·R·安贝德卡尔博士吸收了全球所有独立国家的最佳治理原则来制定印度宪法。

英国殖民南亚

Nepal was recognized as an independent and sovereign country by the United Kingdom on December 21, 1923. However, it was only on September 20, 2015 that Nepal compiled an effective constitution.

尼泊尔于1923年12月21日被英国承认为独立和主权国家，然而，尼泊尔于2015年9月20日才整理出一部有效的宪法。

It took a small country like Nepal 92 years to design and pass the Constitution! It is hard to imagine its quality in the past hundred years.

像尼泊尔这样的小国花了92年的时间才设计并通过了宪法！难以想象近百年时间它的质量程度如何。

What has India done for Nepal? In Nepal, India is currently promoting 43 road construction projects, 14 of which have been completed. In addition, four transmission projects are in progress, one of which has been completed.

印度为尼泊尔做了什么？在尼泊尔，印度目前正在推动43个道路建设项目，其中14个已经完工。此外，4个输电项目正在进行中，其中一个已经完成。

Most Indians do not know that India has participated in more than 500 infrastructure development projects in 64 countries around the world. India has provided a US $16 billion credit line for projects in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives.

大多数印度人都不知道，印度在全球64个国家参与了500多个基础设施开发项目。印度提供了160亿美元的信贷额度，用于在阿富汗、孟加拉国、尼泊尔、不丹、斯里兰卡和马尔代夫实施项目。

So what can India do to keep Nepal in the honey pot?

那么，印度能做些什么让尼泊尔一直泡在蜜罐里呢？

India cannot decide what Nepal needs to do. But whenever the Indian sugar daddy lures Nepal with shiny new toys or candy, Nepal will continue to crawl and happily "goo goo" jump onto India's legs.

印度无法决定尼泊尔需要做什么。但每当印度糖爸爸用闪亮的新玩具或糖果引诱尼泊尔时，尼泊尔都会继续爬行，快乐地“咕咕嘎嘎”跳到印度的腿上。

India's global influence on infrastructure projects is unknown to Indians.

印度在基础设施项目上的全球影响力是印度人所不知道的。

Many people in India have little idea about the infrastructure development projects initiated and actively carried out by India in the world. It is generally believed that when China provides investment and infrastructure development to its neighbors, India is indifferent.

印度许多人对印度在全球范围内发起并正在积极开展的基础设施开发项目几乎没有概念。人们普遍认为，当中国向邻国提供投资和基础设施发展时，印度却无动于衷。

What India is doing is unnoticed.

印度正在做的事情没有人注意到。

? India is guiding 500 development projects around the world.

?印度正在指导世界各地的500个开发项目。

? As of today, India has provided US $30.66 billion worth of development assistance. These are credit lines, which have flowed to 64 countries.

?截至今天，印度已提供价值306.6亿美元的发展援助，这些都是信用额度，这些信贷已流向64个国家。

? Partner countries have completed more than 300 infrastructure projects, and more than 240 projects are under implementation, which is precisely the use of India's credit lines.

?伙伴国家已完成300多个基础设施项目，240多个项目正在实施中，这正是利用印度的信贷额度。

? These projects are in key infrastructure areas such as transportation, roads and ports, power generation and distribution, agriculture, manufacturing, health care and education.

?这些项目处于关键基础设施领域，如交通、道路和港口、发电和配电、农业、制造业、医疗保健和教育等。

? Of the $30.66 billion, $15.9 billion went to Asian countries, most of which went to Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Myanmar around India.

?306.6亿美元中，159亿美元流向了亚洲国家，其中大部分流向了印度周边的阿富汗、孟加拉国、不丹、尼泊尔、斯里兰卡和缅甸。

? 98 projects have been approved for use in neighbouring areas of India, 44 of which have been completed... All these projects have been funded by India.

?98个项目已被批准用于印度邻近地区，其中44个项目已完成……所有这些项目都使用印度的资金。

? In Bangladesh, India is funding 31 projects, 13 of which have been completed.

?在孟加拉国，印度正在资助31个项目，其中13个已经完成。

? In Sri Lanka, 19 projects have been funded, 11 of which have been completed. Other railway, highway and port projects are also under preparation.

?在斯里兰卡，19个项目已获得资助，其中11个项目已完成。其他铁路、公路和港口项目也在筹备中。

? In Myanmar, India has completed 3 out of 4 general infrastructure projects, 2 out of 3 railway projects, 1 highway project, 3 power transmission projects and 2 telecommunications projects.

?在缅甸，印度完成了4个一般基础设施项目中的3个、3个铁路项目中的2个、1个公路项目、3个输电项目和2个电信项目。

? In Africa, from 2002 to 2021, India has provided $11 billion in aid to Africa in various forms... such as credit lines for development projects, grants, scholarships for African students.

?在非洲，从2002年至2021，印度以各种形式向非洲提供了110亿美元的援助……如发展项目的信贷额度、赠款、非洲学生的奖学金。

? The Gambia Parliament Building was built by India.

?冈比亚议会大厦由印度建造。

? India's Kosti Power Project in Sudan provides one third of the country's electricity.

?印度在苏丹的科斯蒂电力项目提供了该国三分之一的电力。

? Nyaborongo power project in Rwanda meets one quarter of the country's power demand.

?卢旺达的Nyaborongo电力项目满足了该国四分之一的电力需求。

? India launched the upstream water treatment plant of Ruvu River in Tanzania. It provides clean drinking water for more than 2 million people in and around Dar es Salaam.

?印度在坦桑尼亚启动了鲁伏河上游水处理厂。它为达累斯萨拉姆及其周围200多万人口提供清洁饮用水。

Source: Foreign Relations Committee, Project Management Institute, Global Bidding, World Bank, Asian Development Bank.

资料来源：对外关系委员会、项目管理研究所、全球招标、世界银行、亚洲开发银行。

海外政论家苏拉夫的回答

There is no question of trust or distrust, like or dislike. Emotions do not and cannot dominate foreign policy. What Nepal needs now is to make pragmatic choices, which the former kings have never done before. The monarchs are most concerned with preserving their power and have made many compromises on Nepal's interests.

不存在信任或不信任、喜欢或不喜欢的问题。情绪不是也不可能主导外交政策。尼泊尔现在所需要的是做出务实的选择，而前任国王们从未这样做过。君主们最关心的是保存他们的权力，并在尼泊尔的利益上妥协了很多。

Nepal has now become a democratic republic. The choices made by politicians need to be justified to the people. However, the narrow minded Nepalese politicians can never explain why Nepal should not open to China, but they see themselves as one of the poorest countries on the earth.

尼泊尔现在成为了一个民主共和国。政治家所做的选择需要向人民证明是正当的，而狭隘的尼泊尔政客始终无法解释为什么尼泊尔不应该向中国开放，结果却看到自己沦为地球上最贫穷的国家之一。

For 18 years, Nepal has allowed Indian troops to enter the territory of Nepal, and this privilege has not yet been extended to China. Nepal actually allows India to monopolize its economic and geopolitical affairs. Before Nepal opened to the outside world, there was no political, economic or cultural relationship between Nepal and China.

18年来，尼泊尔允许印度军队进入尼泊尔领土，这一特权迄今为止还没有扩大到中国。尼泊尔实际上允许印度垄断其经济和地缘政治事务。尼泊尔开放以前，尼泊尔与中国没有任何政治、经济或文化关系，一点也没有。

But India is just getting greedy. The sole purpose of India's foreign policy is to exclude China from Nepal, just as the United States tries to exclude communists from the Western Hemisphere. What India does not realize is that if the United States, the richest and most powerful country in the world, cannot keep communists out of its neighbor Cuba, then India will not be able to keep China, another neighbor of Nepal, out of Nepal. This is a reality that India must face.

但是，印度只是越来越贪婪。印度外交政策的唯一目的是将中国排除在尼泊尔之外，就像美国试图将共产主义者排除在西半球之外一样。印度没有意识到的是，如果美国这个世界上最富有、最强大的国家都不能将共产主义分子挡在其邻国古巴之外，那么印度就更不可能将尼泊尔的另一个邻国中国挡在尼泊尔之外。这是印度必须面对的现实。

What India is trying now is an old trick to make one group (Madhesi immigrants) confront and fight with another group (Nepalese aborigines) to achieve its goal. India is likely to fail, and its next obvious step will be to support, finance and arm the madheshi terrorists in Nepal.

印度现在正在尝试的是让一个群体（马德西移民）与另一个群体的（尼泊尔土著）对抗和内斗以实现其目标的老把戏。印度很可能会失败，其下一个明显的步骤将是支持、资助和武装尼泊尔的madheshi恐怖分子。

But the fact is that Nepal is absolutely trying to end India's monopoly on the Nepalese market. India's monopoly on the Nepalese market has greatly benefited it, which has never been explained to Indians by Indian politicians. This is the only reason why Nepal today is one of the poorest countries on the planet. Moreover, Nepal cannot return to the era when it gave everything to India. Those days are really over.

但事实是，尼泊尔绝对在试图结束印度对尼泊尔市场的垄断。印度对尼泊尔市场的垄断使其受益匪浅，这是印度政客从未向印度人解释过的。这是尼泊尔今天成为地球上最贫穷国家之一的唯一原因。而且，尼泊尔也不可能回到倾其所有给予印度的时代，那些日子真的结束了。

In a word, the distrust between Nepal and India is mainly caused by India's interference in Nepal's internal affairs. India has always acted like a "bully" and "big brother". It always hoped that Nepal would have room to micromanage even the smallest affairs. Some actions of India have aroused the suspicion of the Nepalese people, who believe that India hopes Nepal has a controlled anarchy. Therefore, in a race for survival, Nepal has repeatedly pinned its faith on its northern neighbor China to counter unnecessary interference from the southern powers.

总之，尼泊尔和印度之间的不信任主要是由印度干涉尼泊尔内政造成的。印度一直表现得像个“恶霸”和“大哥”。它总是希望尼泊尔有空间微观管理哪怕是最小的事务。印度的一些行动引起尼泊尔人民的怀疑，认为印度希望尼泊尔有一个受控的无政府状态。因此，在一场生存的竞赛中，尼泊尔一再将其信念寄托在北方邻国中国身上，以对抗来自南方大国的不必要干扰。

In any case, Nepal, as an independent and sovereign country, cannot completely ignore the superpower from the north. Therefore, no matter how India views it, Nepal always needs to maintain the most friendly relationship with China. Therefore, it is better for India to recognize its mistakes and correct itself, rather than accusing Nepal of trusting China more.

无论如何，尼泊尔作为一个独立和主权国家，不能完全忽视来自北方的超级大国，因此，无论印度如何看待它，尼泊尔始终需要与中国保持最友好的关系。因此，最好是印度认识到自己的错误并改正自己，而不是指责尼泊尔更加信任中国。

海外网友库纳尔的回答

Almost all the answers come from Indians and Nepalese. Let me sum up: because they do not have much contact, Indians take it for granted that Nepalese people do not know how "sinister" the Chinese are. Nepalese people, on the other hand, feel uneasy and sad about the Indian interference, and think that the Chinese firmly adhere to non-interference.

几乎所有的答案都来自印度人和尼泊尔人。让我总结一下：因为他们没有太多接触，印度人想当然地认为尼泊尔人不知道中国人有多“居心叵测”。尼泊尔人则大多对印度人的干涉感到不安和痛心，认为中国人坚定奉行不干涉主义。

Here, I put forward my views.

在这里，我提出我的观点。

Nepal and India are both Hindu in culture. India is the amalgamation of many kingdoms. Under British rule, Nepal is similar to most of the kingdoms under British rule. Therefore, I am not surprised that India's political, economic and cultural influence covers Nepal. In contrast, Bhutan is culturally very similar to Tibet, China, and quite different from Nepal.

尼泊尔和印度在文化上都是印度教。印度是许多王国的合并。在英国统治下，尼泊尔与大多数英国治下的王国都差不多。因此，印度的政治经济和文化影响范围包括尼泊尔，这并不让我感到惊讶。相比之下，不丹在文化上和中国西藏很像，与尼泊尔截然不同。

So Nepal and India are born brothers. However, India inherited the British heritage, but never regarded Nepal as an equal brother. Nepal has a natural connection with its Indian brothers. However, as a weaker brother, Nepal is naturally the most sensitive to equality. This is the root cause of the conflict between the two countries. As long as the relationship between the two countries is not equal, Nepal will remain distrustful of India.

所以尼泊尔和印度是天生的兄弟。然而，印度继承了英国的遗产，却从未将尼泊尔视为地位平等的兄弟。尼泊尔与印度兄弟有着天然的联系。然而，作为较弱的兄弟，尼泊尔自然对平等最为敏感。这是两国冲突的根源。只要两国关系不平等，尼泊尔就会一直对印度保持不信任。

Due to the high mountains, the distance between China and Nepal is longer than shown on the map. Closer relations with Nepal have never been a priority for China. By the way, the Communist Party of Nepal, founded in Calcutta, has closer relations with India than with China. Due to geographical difficulties, China has little influence in Nepal, and China has no interest in interfering. Naturally, Nepalese people feel that the Chinese treat them more equally, so they have more "trust".

由于高山，中国和尼泊尔之间的距离比地图所示的要长。与尼泊尔的密切关系从来不是中国的优先事项。顺便说一句，尼泊尔共产党成立于加尔各答，与印度的关系远比与中国的关系密切。由于地理困难，中国在尼泊尔的影响力很小，中国也根本没有兴趣干涉。自然，尼泊尔人觉得中国人对待他们更加平等，因此“信任”更多。

But things may change. If China can build a railway to Nepal (a big assumption), the distance between Nepal and China will suddenly become shorter. However, I hope Nepalese people will find that Chinese people are not as "evil" as Indians told them. In fact, the railway from China will really provide Nepalese with hope for real development and poverty eradication. This relationship will not only be trust, but also the transformation of a poor country.

但情况可能会改变。如果中国能够修建通往尼泊尔的铁路（一个很大的假设），那么尼泊尔和中国之间的距离就会突然变短。然而，我希望尼泊尔人会发现，中国人并不像印度人告诉他们的那样“邪恶”。事实上，来自中国的铁路将真正为尼泊尔人提供真正发展和摆脱贫困的希望。这种关系将不仅仅是信任，而是一个贫穷国家的转变。

P. S. Nepal is a popular destination for non-governmental organizations to provide humanitarian assistance, but I believe it will never bring about substantive changes in Nepal. When a railway from China is completed, Nepalese people will find out what real transformative help means.

P.S.尼泊尔是非政府组织提供人道主义援助的热门目的地，但我相信这永远不会给尼泊尔造成实质性的变化，而当一条来自中国的铁路建成后，尼泊尔人将发现真正的变革性帮助意味着什么。