“热射病致死”上热搜！热射病是什么？该如何急救？

最近几天，南方高温堪称天气圈的“劳模”，每天兢兢业业冲击40℃，电风扇都热成了电吹风。

截至12日20:30，全国57地发布高温红色预警，浙江、江苏、四川、安徽等多地最高温超过40℃。

Record-breaking temperatures have been logged across China, scorching many parts of the country.

持续高温，警惕“热射病”

据澎湃新闻报道，过去一周浙江持续高温，记者从浙江多家医院了解到，近日连续有中暑患者送医，多人确诊热射病并已有死亡病例。

一名49岁的男性在车间工作时突然昏倒，入院时体温40.7℃，6日下午送医时已经休克。丽水市中心医院急诊科医生吴建荣告诉澎湃新闻，经检查，患者多脏器功能衰竭并伴有弥散性血管内凝血，经过31个小时抢救，于8日凌晨去世。

据统计，丽水市中心医院近一周已接诊3名热射病患者，其中一名70岁女性在家没注意防暑，午睡时出现高热、意识模糊，送医时体温达42.5℃，多脏器衰竭，目前仍在抢救。

此前，话题#男子患热射病多脏器受损像煮过一样#也被广泛关注，郑州一名男子就因为中暑突然昏迷，被送到医院的ICU病房抢救时，医生监测他身体的核心温度已经达到了42.3度，体内所有的脏器就像在水里“煮”过一样，多脏器出现受损，最终医生诊断其为热射病。

This week, several people died due to heatstroke in Zhejiang province, which has recorded temperature over 40 degree Celsius. Authorities in Zhejiang had released 10 red warnings for heat－the highest warning level in the local four-tier system－for July by Sunday, breaking the record over the same period in previous years.

热射病是什么病？

热射病即重度中暑 （heatstroke/sunstroke） ，表现为：高热(直肠温度≥41℃)、皮肤干燥 （dry skin） （早期可以湿润），意识模糊、惊厥 （seizure） 、甚至无反应，周围循环衰竭或休克，病死率很高。

▌中暑有哪些症状？

An obvious sign is excessive sweating, as well as feeling very hot and unwell with it.

通常表现为大汗淋漓，感觉十分热并引发不适

a headache

头痛

dizziness and confusion

头晕、恍惚

loss of appetite and feeling sick

食欲不振、恶心

cramps in the arms, legs and stomach

手臂、腿和胃抽搐

fast breathing or pulse

呼吸、脉搏加速

a temperature of 38℃ or above

体温达38℃及以上

being very thirsty

非常口渴

▌中暑了应该怎么做？

get them to rest in a cool place - such as a room with air conditioning or somewhere in the shade

转移到凉爽的环境中休息，比如空调房或阴凉处

remove any unnecessary clothing, to expose as much of their skin as possible

脱去多余衣物，尽可能多地暴露皮肤

cool their skin - use whatever you have available, a cool, wet sponge or flannel, spray water, cold packs around the neck and armpits, or wrap them in a cool, wet sheet

皮肤物理降温——用湿的凉海绵或绒布，放置在患者颈侧和腋下周围降温，或者用湿的凉布单包裹

fan their skin while it is moist - this will help the water to evaporate, which will help their skin cool down

若皮肤湿润，可用扇子扇风，加速水分蒸发而降温

get them to drink water - sports or rehydration drinks are fine too

多喝水——运动或补液饮料也可以

▌出现这些症状立即就医：

feeling unwell after 30 minutes of resting in a cool place and drinking plenty of water

在通风阴凉的环境中休息30分钟且大量饮水后，仍感到不适

not sweating even while feeling too hot

觉得很热但不出汗

a temperature of 40C or above

体温达到40℃或以上

fast breathing or shortness of breath

呼吸急促、气喘

feeling confused

神志恍惚

a fit (seizure)

惊厥

loss of consciousness

意识丧失

not responsive

没有反应

编辑：陈月华

来源：中国新闻社 中国天气网 澎湃新闻 生命时报 健康时报 CNN等