观音故里香山寺，人文经典平顶山。我国大大小小的香山寺有30多处，人们最熟悉的可能是北京的香山寺。平顶山的香山寺有什么与众不同之处？为什么被称为“观音故里”？有什么历史文化价值和教育意义？为解开这些疑问，深入调查家乡人对香山寺文化的了解，引导学生正确的认识宗教，2021年7月25日-29日，郑州财经学院外国语学院“小外说河南”地方传统文化教育调研团来到了平顶山香山寺进行了调研活动。
“香山”得名于佛教经典，随佛教传入我国后，各地兴建香山寺。因汉化观音菩萨在平顶山香山寺修成正果，因此这里被认为是建筑最早的东土“真香山寺”，迄今已有1800多年的历史。寺内有“三宝”，分别为唐代千手千眼观音菩萨像、宋代观音大士塔、香山大悲菩萨传碑。其中观音大士塔造型繁简结合，兼备唐塔豪放简练和宋塔纤巧精饰之风格，具有较高的艺术欣赏价值。塔下立有被誉为“三绝碑”的大悲菩萨传碑，因由宋代四大书法家之一的蔡京据史所写，又被称为“蔡京碑”，该碑有力地确认了平顶山香山寺作为观音“根”文化性质的历史地位，为一切关于观音的历史研究奠定了基础。1986年，香山寺观音大士塔及宋代蔡京碑被列为河南省第二批文物保护单位。每年正月初一和二月庙会，到此朝山拜佛的游人香客多达数万，由于平顶山香山寺的观音“根”文化特征突出，祀拜传统已成为此地的民俗扎根于民间，因平顶山香山寺的观音根文化影响深远，所以平顶山被誉为“中国观音文化之乡”。
“Xiangshan”is named after Buddhist classics. After Buddhism was introduced into China, Xiangshan temples were built everywhere.Because the Chinese Guanyin Bodhisattva has become immortal in Pingdingshan Xiangshan Temple, it is considered to be the earliest “zhenxiangshan Temple” in the East, which has a history of more than 1800 years.There are three treasures in the temple, namely, the statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva with Thousand Hands and Eyes in Tang Dynasty, the Guanyin Dashi Pagoda in Song Dynasty and the Stele of Great Mercy Bodhisattva in Xiangshan. Among them, Guanyin Dashi Pagoda combines complex and simple shapes, has the style of bold and concise Tang Pagoda and delicate and exquisite Song Pagoda, and has high artistic appreciation value. Under the pagoda stands the Great Mercy Bodhisattva Biography Stele known as the “Three Steles”, which is also known as the “Cai Jing Stele” because it was written by Cai Jing, one of the four great calligraphers in the Song Dynasty. This stele strongly confims the historical status of Xiangshan Temple in Pingdingshan as the cultural nature of Guanyin's “root” and lays a foundation for all historical research on Guanyin.In 1986, Guanyin Dashi Pagoda of Xiangshan Temple and Caijing Stele of Song Dynasty were listed as the second batch of cultural relics protection units in Henan Province. On the first day of the first lunar month and February Temple Fair every year, tens of thousands of visitors and pilgrims come to this mountain to worship Buddha. Because the Guanyin “root” cultural characteristics of Xiangshan Temple in Pingdingshan are prominent, the worship tradition has become the folk custom here, which is rooted in the folk, and because the Guanyin root culture of Xiangshan Temple in Pingdingshan has far-reaching influence, Pingdingshan is known as "the hometown of Guanyin culture in China".
团队在此次调研过程中发现，前去香山寺的45%为年龄在45-75岁的中老年人，他们主要是去祈福朝拜，40%为年龄在20-40岁的年轻人，另有15%是年龄在5-18岁的青少年，多数只是去参观游玩。据采访，部分中老年人可以讲香山寺文化的梗概，年轻人了解的很少，有些只知香山寺是观音故里，而不知其根源。由此可见，如何创新形式宣传香山寺文化，如何让家乡人为本地文化“代言”，如何促进民俗文化的发展，如何引导学生辩证看待宗教问题等是需要进一步探讨的问题。
问道香山寺，朝圣观音塔。一方面，平顶山香山寺有着独具特色的东方古建筑之美，既是宝贵的文化遗产，也为后人研究汉代寺院建筑文化提供了难得的实物标本，见证了地区宗教思想发展、宗教文化传承和社会文明积累，为我们留下了重要的历史信息；另一方面，作为新时代的青年人，我们要尊重寺庙的历史文化意义，但不能盲目信奉，“取其精华，弃其糟粕”才是传承之路，通过调研考证，保护好、发展好家乡文化才是我们的出发点和落脚点，引导学生树立正确的宗教观，明辨宗教与邪教，崇尚科学，弘扬正气是我们的根本目标。连日来我省遭遇暴雨之灾，在古代也许人们会求观音拜佛祖，而今我们相信党依靠党，在党的领导和关怀下，坚强的河南人民正逐步走出洪水困境！
文字：王梦杰 轩秋燕 田瑾 王韵青 赵焕鸽
图片：王梦杰 轩秋燕 田瑾
编辑：马淑靖
来源：郑州财经学院外国语学院“小外说河南”地方传统文化教育调研团
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