高考常考名词、词组的翻译、注释及辨析（一）

下面为同学们梳理高考中常考的名词和词组

一、absence：

1.缺席：Her absence from school is worrying.

她一再缺课令人担心。

反义词：presence

2.缺乏，不存在：The absence of color in that drawing makes it dull.

那幅画因为没有着色而显得单调。

搭配：absence of mind 心不在焉

in/during one’s absence 某人不在时

in the absence of 缺少，缺乏

练习：There being no witness on the spot, the police were delayed by the ______of information about the crime.

A. analysis B. disappearance C. absence D. consideration

答案：C

二、access：进入，通道，机会，权利

The only access to their house is along that narrow road.

只有沿着那条狭窄的路才能到达他们的房子。

搭配：get/have access to 有接近或使用…的权利或机会

练习：The system has been designed to give students quick and easy_____to the digital resources of library.

A. access B. passage C. way D.approach

答案：A.

三：account

1.账目：do the account 记账

2.账户：open an account 开户

3.叙述：The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.警察叙述了交通事件的经过

4.原因，理由：She got angry on this account. 她生气了，由于这个缘故。

搭配：on account of = because of 因为

on no account 决不：On no account can you leave me.你决不能离开我。

take … into account 考虑到

练习：Visitation times should take into____ both the needs of the parents and the best interests of the children.

A. reason B. statement C. use D. account

答案： 【D】

四．advantage

1.有利条件，优势:

He had advantages of a steady job.他有工作稳定的有利条件。

2.优点：

Each of the systems has its advantages and disadvantages.

这些系统各有其优缺点。

搭配：take advantage of 利用

have/gain an/the advantage ove…胜过…;比…有优势、占上风

to one’s advantage 对某人有利

练习：Her smooth spoken English has given her certain advantages ___others in job hunting.

A. for B. of C. over D. among

答案：【C】

He has attended the Olympic Games three times, so he has the _____of rich experience.

A. advantage B. use C. benefit D.interest

答案：【A】

五．advice:忠告，建议

a piece of advice 一个忠告

搭配：ask sb’s advice/ask sb for(sb’s) advice征求某人的建议

advice on/about…关于…的建议

follow/take one’s advice听从/采用某人的建议

练习：Father went to his doctor for____ about his lung trouble.

A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices

答案：【B】

六．agreement

1.同意，一致：Are we in agreement about the price ?

对这个价格我们是否意见一致？

2.协议：Please sign the agreement 请签协议

搭配：come to/reach an agreement 达成协议

make an agreement 与…达成协议

in agreement with 符合…;同意…;和…一致

by agreement 按照约定

七．approach

1.接近：Snow announced the approach of winter.

雪宣告了冬季的到来。

2.方法，途径：I like her approach to the problem.

我喜欢她解决问题的方法。

练习：

1. At the meeting they discussed three different_______ to the study of mathematics.

A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways

B. You are all newcomers here. Try not to make_________ to strangers

A. ways B. connection C. means D. approaches

八．average平均，平均值

搭配：on average 平均来看

above average 平均水平以上

below average平均水平以下

练习：She was a good student and scored______ average in most subject.

A. below B. of C. on D. above

Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200000 an ____ of 40000 per year.

A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity

九．balance

搭配：keep one’s balance 保持平衡

lose one’s balance 失去平衡

keep a balance between A and B在A与B之间保持平衡

练习：

When she was running after her sister, the girl lost her_____ and had a bad fall.

A. balance B. memory C. chance D. place

You are working too hard. You’d better keep a ______ between work and relaxation.

A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary

十．case

1.盒子，箱子 a pen case 一个钢笔盒

2.事例，案件，情况，病例： Here is a case in point.有一个恰当的例证。

搭配：in that case既然那样

in any case 无论如何，不管怎样

in no case 决不

in case+ 句子 以防万一

in case of 如果，假使

练习：

1.________ fire, all exits must be kept clear.

A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of

2. Leave a key with a neighbor _____ you lock yourself out one day.

A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case

3. I guess we ‘ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just __________

A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance

4. She may win the competition,______ she is likely to get into the national team.

A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case