高考英语复习重难点讲练 定语从句

定语从句

概念回顾

Wrestling, Father is a touching movie. It was adapted from a true story in India.

划出句子中的定语：

Wrestling, Father is a touching movie. It was adapted from a true story in India.

定语的定义：修饰名词或代词，起修饰、限定作用。

讲例句连成一个句子：

Wrestling, Father is a touching movie which was adapted from a true story in India. 定语从句

定语从句：一整个句子充当定语成分

定语从句的结构：

Wrestling, Father is a touching movie which was adapted from a true story in India.

先行词+关系词+从句

【自己动手，丰衣足食】

请写出定语从句中的所有关系词。

【归纳总结】

【辩一辩】

请画出定语从句部分：

1.（2015阅读理解，重庆B）They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food later in their trip.

2.（2015阅读理解，全国2卷）Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze where it is easy to get lost!

考点直击

【改错】

All which can be done has been done.

He is no longer the poor man who he used to be.

考点一：只用that的情况

谨记重要口诀：极端不定人和物，疑问双表不重复。

1．先行词为something，everything，nothing，anything，few，little，some，much等不定代词或先行词被不定代词所修饰时。

2．先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰或先行词本身就是形容词最高级或序数词时。

3．先行词被all，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。

4．先行词既有人又有物时。

5．当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。

【改错】

The traffic is quite crowded in CS, that makes me crazy.

This is the book for that I paid 5 dollars.

考点二：只用which的情况

1．关系代词前有介词时。

2．非限定性定语从句。

In many of his films，he made the audience laugh with interesting stories，which he made up almost himself.

非限定性定语从句中，关系代词既可以代指前面的先行词，也可以代指整个句子。

The Warrior have beaten the Cavaliers in the NBA Finals, which cheered all the fans.

3. 先行词本身是that时。

The clock is that which tells the time.

Ⅰ.单句填空

【导学号：25180006】

1．She was the teacher who/that taught us English.

2．The art museum whose garden is very attractive will open next week.

3．They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

4．Is this the reason which/that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

5．This is the only bus that goes to the village school.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Do you know the girl her hair is brown?

her→whose

2．I've never taken anything which didn't belong to me.

which→that

3．Can you tell me the name of the city where you visited last week?

where→which/that或去掉where

4．I met a foreigner in the street yesterday when could asked me questions in Chinese.

when→who/that

5．Bears often hide themselves in the places where can't be found by hunters.

where→which/that

考点三：介词+关系代词

填写合适的介词：

This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.

从句中的动词搭配

= This is the book which I paid 8 yuan for.

There was no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.

与先行词搭配

The gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.

意义搭配

There are different forms of energy，most of which come from the sun.

整体与部分

【归纳总结】

(1)介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词是一种习惯性搭配。

(2)介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配。

(3)根据所表达的意思确定。

(4)表示所有关系或整体中的一部分时，用介词of。

【改错】

He is the man after who have been looking his disabled wife for 5 years.

In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.

注意：1.固定搭配形成固定意义的短语不能将介词拆开前置。

2.介词提前，关系代词不可省略。

考点四：关系代词vs关系副词

I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.

( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )

I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.

（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ）

The reason（that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn’t believable.

( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )

The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday isn’t believable.

（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ）

【归纳总结】

从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

2．I don't know the reason why you were absent from the meeting, but I'm sure someone will tell me the reason that/which you haven't told me.

3．A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

4．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.

5．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work where a good impression is a must.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．—Where did you meet him?

—It was in the hotel that I was staying.that→where

2．The way which he walks is very interesting.which→that或在which 前加in

3．Internet crime is a subject of which the world might argue for a long time.of→about

4．There were dirty marks on her trousers which she had wiped her hands.which→where

5．Can you lend me the book about that you talked the other day？that→which

考点五：as vs which

【大显身手】

She seems a scientist, _________ in fact she is.

非限放在主句后，既可用as也可用which

____ we all know, the Christmas is coming.

非限放在句首，只能用as。但as包含“正如”之意，which则没有。

He will marry as pretty girl as he can find.

as常用于固定搭配

写作应用

1．关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。

◆(湖北高考书面表达) 我记忆犹新的是发生在一个雨天的周日下午的一个事件。

I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.　

◆(2015·福建高考书面表达) 只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.　

◆(2015·重庆高考书面表达) 正如古老的谚语所说，生活没有清晰可达成的目标，犹如航海没有指南针。

As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.

2．关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。

◆(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。

During holiday seasons，I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.　

◆(安徽高考书面表达) 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。

I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.

3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句

◆(2015·四川高考书面表达) 听和说对于一门语言的学习非常重要，通过它们你一定会取得很大进步。

Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning，by which you are sure to make great progress.

词汇积累

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．enjoyable adj.有乐趣的；令人愉快的→enjoy vt.享受，欣赏→enjoyment n．享受，乐趣

2．experience n．& vt.经历，体验→experienced adj.有经验的，经验丰富的，老练的

3．respect n．& vt.尊敬，敬重→respectful adj.敬意的，尊重的→respectable adj.体面的；值得尊重的

4．devote vt.致力于；献身→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的；专心的→devotion n．关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚

5．challenging adj.具有挑战性的→challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战

6．encouragement n．鼓励→encourage vt.鼓励；鼓舞→discourage vt.使泄气，阻止

7．graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业

8．develop v．(使)发展；发育；培养；开发；冲洗(胶卷)→development n．发展

9．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠

10．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→depend vi.依靠，依赖

11．inform vt.通知，告知→information n．情报，消息；资料

12．approve vt.& vi.批准，通过；赞成，同意→approval n．同意，批准

13．preparation n．准备，筹备→prepare v．准备；使……准备好

14．select vt.选择，挑选→selection n．选择，挑选

15．satisfaction n．满意→satisfy vt.使满意→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的

Ⅱ.重点短语

average

2．look

3．run

4．select...

5．come

【写作训练】

用本单元词汇或句式完成下列写作任务

上学读书对我们每个人都是重要的也是必不可少的经历。学生们总是希望自己上高中是一次充满乐趣的体验。我们喜欢挑战，渴望独立，全身心投入学习。当我们回顾这段经历时，大多数都非常满意，觉得为未来做好了充分的准备。

【参考范文】　

Going to school is an important and necessary experience for every one of us.Students always hope that going to a high school is an enjoyable experience.We are fond of challenging things，being independent of our family and devote ourselves to our study.When we look back on it，most of us are satisfied，thinking we have made full preparations for the future.

课后作业

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2017·石家庄高三调研)We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams.Yet would it be 1.________ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?

In US high school，everything 2.________ (record) and graded，including your grades on quizzes，tests and final examinations.Failing 3.________ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course.Perhaps contrary to 4.________ we used to think of the US high school students，they pay great attention to their 5.________ (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university.6.________，they'll be disappointed after graduation from high school.

Like university students，the US high school students have the 7.________ (free) to choose the courses that most interest 8.________ (they)．Even a 9thgrader can sit 9.________ the same classroom as 12thgraders.But this also means he or she has to work very hard，because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years 10.________ (young)．

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的高中生活。

1．surprising　[考查分词形容词。此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。]

2．is recorded　[考查动词的时态和语态。everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded，与graded呼应。]

3．to turn　[考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配。]

4．what　[考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。]

5．academic　[考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词academic修饰名词performance，作定语。]

6．Otherwise　[考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语。]

7．freedom　[考查名词。由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。]

8．them　[考查代词。此处应用宾格形式，作动词interest的宾语，故用them。]

9．in　[考查介词。in the classroom意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故用介词in。]

10．younger　[考查形容词比较级。根据上文可知，9年级和12年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。]

Ⅳ.短文改错

(2017·河北省高三三市联考)As the saying go，treat others as you would like to be treated.If we want to be treated well，and we should treat others well too.

Two years before，I was admitted to a high school.I felt proudly and superior.Therefore，I always looked down upon my classmates who turned for me in their studies.One day，Tom asked me help him work out a math problem.I glanced at it，and said，“So easy，what foolish you are！” On hear these words，he said angrily，“I won't ask you again.” I was shocking.Only then did I realize why I was so unpopular with my classmate.From then on，I tried to treat them equally and helped them with all my heart.

【答案】　As the saying ，treat others as you would like to be treated.If we want to be treated well， we should treat others well too.

Two years ，I was admitted to a high school.I felt and superior.Therefore，I always looked down upon my classmates who turned me in their studies.One day，Tom asked me help him work out a math problem.I glanced at it，and said，“So easy， foolish you are！” On these words，he said angrily，“I won't ask you again.” I was .Only then did I realize why I was so unpopular with my .From then on，I tried to treat them equally and helped them with all my heart.